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World War II

World War II. 1939-1945. Rise of Dictatorships & Militarism. The economic depression that followed WWI gave rise to dictators Adolf Hitler & the Nazis (Fascists) in 1933 violated the Treaty of Versailles, rebuilt Germany and expanded into Austria & Czechoslovakia Benito Mussolini in Italy.

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World War II

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  1. World War II 1939-1945

  2. Rise of Dictatorships & Militarism • The economic depression that followed WWI gave rise to dictators • Adolf Hitler & the Nazis (Fascists) in 1933 violated the Treaty of Versailles, rebuilt Germany and expanded into Austria & Czechoslovakia • Benito Mussolini in Italy

  3. Militarism • Militarists in Japan led by General Tojo conquered Manchuria and invaded China • Nazi Germany, Japan and Italy joined together to form the Axis Powers

  4. America’s Attempt at Neutrality • Neutrality Acts prohibited Americans from selling arms to warring nations or traveling on their ships • 1937—Roosevelt gave a speech declaring that war was similar to a contagious disease and calling for a “quarantine” of aggressive nations to keep America from getting involved. • Just in case, Congress increased spending on the army and navy

  5. Early World War II • 1939—Germany took Poland • 1940—France fell • Germany wanted to invade Great Britain • Germany led continuous air raids on English cities hoping to weaken them, but it failed • Germany focused on the Soviet Union • August 1941—FDR & Churchill met in the Atlantic to outline aims for a post-war world, called the Atlantic Charter, setting 8 democratic principles—including gradual disarmament

  6. Nazis conquer France

  7. Nazi Luftwaffe dropped bombs on English cities

  8. Churchill surveying the damage of the London raids Citizens sought safety in the subway

  9. FDR & Winston Churchill sign the Atlantic Charter

  10. US close to War • 1941 FDR sends armed merchant ships to carry supplies to Britain • 1937 When Japan attacked China, US cut off all trade with Japan and froze their assets in the US

  11. Japan attacks Pearl HarborDay that will Live in Infamy December 7, 1941 • Japan believed a surprise attack would catch American unprepared and eliminate them as a naval power in the Pacific • Japanese airplanes attack a majority of the US fleet at Pearl Harbor • The next day, US declares war on Japan • 4 days later, Germany & Italy declares war on the US

  12. Pearl Harbor

  13. USS Arizona

  14. USS California

  15. Explosion of USS Shaw

  16. USS West Virginia & USS Tennessee

  17. The Home Front • The Draft—Men 18-45; women could enlist; 1 million African-Americans served; 1:10 Americans served • Females & Minorities—filled the gap in available jobs; 50% of women were employed during the war • War-Time Production—managed economy; controlled use of raw materials; factory conversion to wartime production • Rationing—rubber, gasoline, oil, sugar, butter and meat

  18. Internment of Japanese Americans • The attack on Pearl Harbor created fear among Americans, especially on the West Coast. • Japanese Americans were forced to relocate to internment camps. • The camps were primitive and crowded. • The Supreme Court upheld these relocations in Korematsu v. US

  19. Japanese American announce patriotism

  20. War against Germany • Instead of fighting on 2 fronts, FDR focused on Germany first • 1942—defeated the Axis in North Africa • 1943-4—headed into Italy • June 6, 1944—Invasion of Normandy • Quickly freed Paris and worked toward Berlin, while Russia came from the other direction

  21. Russians make it to Berlin 1st Nazis surrender May 1945

  22. The War against Japan • Japan made significant gains, while US rebuilt and focused on Germany • 1943—tide turned when we defeated the Japanese navy in the Battle of Midway • US goes on the offensive and begins their strategy of “island hopping”

  23. US dive bombers At the Battle of Midway

  24. USS Yorktown at the Battle of Midway

  25. Battle of Midway memorial to the dead

  26. Truman’s decision to drop the Atomic Bomb • FDR died before the end of the war • Harry Truman, FDR’s successor, feared an invasion might cost a million US soldiers • Truman decides to drop the bomb instead • August 6—bomb dropped on Hiroshima • August 9—bomb dropped on Nagasaki over 100,000 died with each bomb

  27. Kamikaze Showed the length Japan would go to protect Japan

  28. Damage due to kamikaze

  29. Fat Man & Little Boy

  30. Hiroshima

  31. Nagasaki

  32. The Holocaust • Nazis killed 6 million European Jews and other undesirables • Systematically rounded up and sent by train to extermination camps like Aushwitz • Liberation revealed dead and half-starved survivors • Nazi “crimes against humanity” were held at Nuremberg

  33. Jews wearing the Star of David mandated by the Nuremberg Laws

  34. Jews were identified by #s carved into their skin

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