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WORLD WAR II

WORLD WAR II. JAPAN. Japan suffered from a great economic depression after World War I. In 1930 Japan’s military took control of the country. Japan’s military took control of the schools and taught the young boys military practices. Hirohito – the emperor of Japan. 1. Soviet Union. China.

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WORLD WAR II

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  1. WORLD WAR II

  2. JAPAN Japan suffered from a great economic depression after World War I. In 1930 Japan’s military took control of the country. Japan’s military took control of the schools and taught the young boys military practices. Hirohito – the emperor of Japan. 1

  3. Soviet Union China 1937 1938 Japan suffered from a major shortage of natural resources. To obtain what they needed to run their military they invaded: Manchuria Shanghai French Indochina 1931 1932 1940 After Japan attacked French Indochina, the U.S. cut off Japan’s oil supply in 1941. 2

  4. ITALY Benito Mussolini was born on July 29, 1883. Mussolini served in the Italian army during World War I. Italy suffered a terrible economic depression after World War I. Mussolini was elected to parliament in 1921. At the age of 39, Mussolini became the Prime Minister of Italy on October 31, 1922. Under Mussolini’s rule, Italy conquered Corsica, Mece, Albania, Tunisia and Ethiopia. Benito Mussolini – dictator of Italy. 3

  5. Adolf Hitler was born in Austria on April 20, 1889. He fought for Germany in World War I. Germany suffered a terrible economic depression after World War I. Hitler formed the Nazi Party and created his own army called the Storm Troopers. He was arrested in 1923 for trying to take control of Munich, Germany. He was sentenced to five years in prison but served only nine months. Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany in 1933. To gain the support of the German army Hitler ordered hundreds of the Storm Troopers to be executed on June 30, 1934. Hitler became dictator of Germany when President von Hindenburg died on August 30, 1934. GERMANY Adolf Hitler – dictator of Germany 4

  6. Germany invaded the Rhineland in 1936, Austria in 1938, Czechoslovakia in 1939, Poland in 1939, France, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands in 1940. 5

  7. In August 1939 Germany and the Soviet Union signed an agreement to not invade each other. Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941. 6

  8. Japan suffered from a major shortage of natural resources. To obtain what they needed to run their military they attacked: Manchuria Shanghai 1931 1932 Soviet Union French Indochina China 1937 1938 1940 7

  9. After Japan attacked French Indochina, the U.S. cut off Japan’s oil supply in 1941. On December 7, 1941 Japan attacked the US Naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Their reason for the attack was they wanted to invade several more countries (Hong Kong, Thailand, Guam, Wake, Malaya, Burma, and the Philippines) to acquire their natural resources but thought the US Navy at Pearl Harbor would try to stop them. 8

  10. On December 8, 1941 the United States declared war on Japan. On December 11, 1941 Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. 9

  11. THE WAR IN AFRICA AND EUROPE

  12. ALLY STRATEGY: PART IThe Allies first goal in the war in Europe was to gain control of Northern Africa, especially Egypt. 10

  13. ALLY STRATEGY: PART IIOnce they gained control of Northern Africa, the Allies then began their invasion of Italy. 11

  14. ALLY STRATEGY: PART IIIOnce in Europe through Italy, the Allies then invaded France on June 6, 1944 by crossing the English Channel from Great Britain. This is called D-day. 12

  15. 442nd REGIMENTAL COMBAT TEAM The 442nd Regimental Combat Team fighting unit was composed almost entirely of American soldiers of Japanese descent who volunteered to fight in World War II even though their families were subject to internment. The soldiers of the 442nd fought with uncommon distinction in Italy, southern France, and Germany. The 442nd is considered to be the most decorated infantry regiment in the history of the United States Army. They were awarded eight Presidential Unit Citations and twenty-one of its members were awarded the Medal of Honor. Their motto was, "Go for Broke". 13

  16. 761st TANK BATTALIONThe 761st Tank Battalion was an independent tank battalion of the United States Army during World War II. The 761st was made up primarily of African-American soldiers, who by federal law were not permitted to serve alongside white troops. The 761st fought in Europe. For their bravery and success during battle they were awarded 11 Silver Stars and 69 Bronze Stars. They were known as the Black Panthers after their unit's distinctive insignia; their motto was “Come out fighting”. 14

  17. V-E Day, or Victory in Europe Day occurred on May 8, 1945. This ended the war in Europe. 15

  18. THE HOLOCAUSTAs the Allies worked their way through Europe to reach Germany they came across prison camps that were filled with people who were marked for death by Adolf Hitler. During World War II, the Germans killed about 6 million Jewish people. They also killed millions of other ethnic groups, including Gypsies, Russians, and Poles. This became known as the Holocaust. 16

  19. THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC

  20. ALLY STRATEGYThe goal of the Allies in the Pacific Theatre was to invade and conquer Japan. To do this, the Allies had to follow a strategy known as island hopping. 17

  21. STRATEGIC ISLANDS TO CAPTUREThe islands the Allies fought the Japanese for in the Pacific Theatre included Midway, Guam, Iwo Jima and Okinawa. 18

  22. BATAAN DEATH MARCH On March 11, 1942, General Douglas MacArthur obeyed orders from President Roosevelt and left the Philippine Islands to travel to Australia. He left behind 76,000 American and Filipino soldiers, who were running out of food and ammunition, to fight the much stronger Japanese army. MacArthur promised his men, “I shall return.” Shortly after MacArthur’s departure, the American and Filipino soldiers surrender to the Japanese. They were then forced to march 55 miles, during which they were denied food and water. The prisoners of war were bound, beaten, or killed by their captors. Some were bayoneted when they fell from exhaustion. Some were forced to dig their own graves and were buried alive. Others were forced to sit in the sun for hours during the hottest part of the day and given no water. Only 56,000 prisoners reached camp alive. 19

  23. 158th REGIMENTAL COMBAT TEAMThe 158th Regimental Combat Team, an Arizona National Guard unit of mostly Hispanic soldiers, fought in the Pacific Theatre. Early in the war, the 158th, nicknamed the "Bushmasters", had been deployed to protect the Panama Canal and had completed jungle training. The unit later fought the Japanese in the New Guinea area in heavy combat and was involved in the liberation of the Philippine Islands. General MacArthur referred to them as "the greatest fighting combat team ever deployed for battle." Members of the 158th cross a swamp in Panama, 1942. 20

  24. NAVAJO CODE TALKERS The Navajo Code Talkers, as they became known, were the key to America's success in World War II.  They were Navajo Marines who created a secret code that made it possible for the United States to defeat the Japanese in World War II and end the war.  Before World War II, every code that the United States had created for warfare had been broken.  Known as experts at code deciphering, the Japanese were never able to decipher the Navajo's secret code. 21

  25. THE ATOMIC BOMB The war with Japan ended when the U.S. dropped two atomic bombs, one on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 and one on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. 22

  26. Little Boy – Uranium Bomb dropped on Hiroshima

  27. Fat Man – Plutonium Bomb Dropped on Nagasaki

  28. RATIONINGA variety of shortages occurred due to the volume of supplies needed overseas.  Some things were scarce because they normally were imported from countries with whom we were at war or because they had to be brought in by ship from foreign places. Sugar and coffee were very scarce. They didn't make Coca-Cola during the war because sugar was so scarce. Other things disappeared entirely such as silk stockings. New things were made of wood instead of metal or rubber. Salvage campaigns helped save items such as: scrap metal, rubber, cooking fat and nylon/silk stockings. From these items weapons, ammunition, gas masks and explosives were made. Rationing, instituted in the spring of 1942, was a system that provided everyone with the same amount of scarce goods. The system was designed to keep prices low and to make sure people had what they needed.  Each member of the family was issued ration books, and it was the challenge of the homemaker to pool the stamps and plan the family's meals within the set limits. Lost ration books was a major headache because you couldn't buy the rationed items without the stamps.  Grocers and other business people would post what your ration could buy that week. It was up to you to decide how to spend your stamps. Ration books became a way of life for everyone at home during World War II.  Books were about the size of a postcard. Each one was filled with ration stamps. Ration stamps themselves were very small.  You had to have ration stamps to buy things at the store. It still cost money, but you couldn't even buy it unless you had stamps. 23

  29. ROSIE THE RIVETER When the United States entered World War II, approximately 16 million men either enlisted or were drafted into the war.With many of the working-aged men off to war, the war factories experienced a huge labor shortage. The government began a propaganda campaign whose goal was to convince middle class women (many with children) to work in the war factories. “Rosie the Riveter” was the title character for the government’s propaganda campaign. 24

  30. JAPANESE INTERNMENT Over 127,000 United States citizens were imprisoned during World War II. Their crime? Being of Japanese ancestry. Despite the lack of any concrete evidence, Japanese Americans were suspected of remaining loyal to their ancestral land. ANTI-JAPANESE PARANOIA increased because of a large Japanese presence on the West Coast. In the event of a Japanese invasion of the American mainland, Japanese Americans were feared as a security risk. Succumbing to bad advice and popular opinion, President Roosevelt signed an executive order in February 1942 ordering the RELOCATION of all Americans of Japanese ancestry to CONCENTRATION CAMPS in the interior of the United States. In 1988, Congress attempted to apologize for the action by awarding each surviving intern $20,000. While the American concentration camps never reached the levels of Nazi death camps as far as atrocities are concerned, they remain a dark mark on the nation's record of respecting civil liberties and cultural differences. 25

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