Evolution

1. Evolution Just what you need for the test powerpoint

2. Arguments for Evolution • 1 Fossil evidence – fossils determine age • 2 Anatomy – homologous and vestigial • 3 Embryology - recapitulation • 4 Biochemistry – DNA and similar proteins • 5 Distribution of animals – animals are different in isolated areas

3. biblical worldview • Word of God • source of absolute truth • 1. creation (ex nihilo) Gen 1 – 11 • 2. the fall Gen 3:17-19 • 3. redemption Matt 1:21, Luke 24:46-47 Ch. 8 The History of Life

4. Non-biblical worldview: • theory of evolution • theory of cosmological beginnings • - Big Bang Ch. 8 The History of Life

5. Non-biblical worldview: • theory of evolution • 2. theory of biological evolution • - less complex organisms • give rise to • more complex organisms Ch. 8 The History of Life

6. Non-biblical worldview: • theory of evolution • 3. philosophy of evolution • - all things are progressing • toward a future perfection Ch. 8 The History of Life

7. Results of believing • evolution theory • 1. man is not responsible to God • 2. man does not need a savior • 3. man is a highly evolved animal • 4. man’s religion = scientism Ch. 8 The History of Life

8. Ch. 8 The History of Life • theistic evolution: • interpreting the Bible • to support evolution

9. Apparent Age • The earth was created fully mature, just as Adam was not born an infant. • If the world was created mature, then this could possibly throw off the age the geologists give to land formations.

10. Charles Lyell 1797 - 1875 • A geologist that stated that the earth was millions of years old. • Determined this by the rate of natural processes that take place at a predictable rate.

11. Thomas Malthus • An economist who proposed that resources such as food, water and shelter are natural limits to human population growth.

12. Lamarkian evolution 1801 • Theory of • need • use & disuse • inheritance of acquired • characteristics Ch. 8 The History of Life

13. Lamarkian evolution 1801 • Objections • need doesn’t affect DNA • DNA not affected by use or disuse Ch. 8 The History of Life

14. Always be ready • to give an answer • to every man • that asks for a reason • for the hope • that is within you. • 1 Peter 3:15 Ch. 8 The History of Life

15. Darwin’s theory of evolution • Descent with modification • common ancestor • 2. “survival of the fittest” • natural selection Ch. 8 The History of Life

16. He also noticed turtle shell differences

17. Darwin’s Finches

18. More Finches

19. HMS Beagle’s Path

20. Descent with modification • Common Ancestor?? • Yes!!! • But not from a ancestor of a different species.

21. Natural Selection of Peppered Moths Ch. 8 The History of Life

22. Darwin’s theory of evolution • Objections: • Variations of a Biblical kind • are not newly evolved organisms • Not always overpopulation • Not always the fittest that reproduce Ch. 8 The History of Life

23. pangenes genes that travel from the affected organ to repro organs to be given to offspring Ch. 8 The History of Life

24. Darwinism changes due to need Neo-Darwinism changes occur due to sudden mutations Ch. 8 The History of Life

25. Mutations a change in the nucleotide base sequence (DNA) of a gene Ch. 8 The History of Life

26. Mutations do NOT cause evolution • 1 in 10 million divisions • usually harmful • All good mutations have to be in 1 organism? Ch. 8 The History of Life

27. Ch. 8 The History of Life Genetic Load: # of mutations 1,000s of mutations would kill an organisms

28. Punctuated equilibrium: evolution occurs rapidly for a while and then not at all for awhile Ch. 8 The History of Life

29. Comparative Embryology

30. Theory of Recapitulation ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny We go through stages of evolution during development Ch. 8 The History of Life

31. Theory of Recapitulation It’s a lie!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Ch. 8 The History of Life

32. Homologous structures

33. Arguments for Evolution • 1 Fossil evidence – fossils determine age • 2 Anatomy – homologous and vestigial • 3 Embryology - recapitulation • 4 Biochemistry – DNA and similar proteins • 5 Distribution of animals – animals are different in isolated areas

34. Vestigial structures

35. Vestigial structures

36. Divergent Evolution

37. Convergent Evolution

38. Fossils

39. Ch. 8 The History of Life • fossil: • any direct or indirect evidence • of a once-living organism • that is embedded or preserved • in the earth’s crust

40. types of fossils • Preserved parts • - must be quickly placed under • pressure in rock-forming sediment Ch. 8 The History of Life

41. types of fossils • 2. Preserved carbon (coal) “fossil fuel” • - plant material under • high temp & pressure Ch. 8 The History of Life

42. Ch. 8 The History of Life • types of fossils • 3. Preserved forms • - casts or molds • - rarely in tar pits

43. Ch. 8 The History of Life • types of fossils • 4. Preserved tracks • - made in soft mud • which was turned • to stone

44. Ch. 8 The History of Life • types of fossils • 5. Petrification • - when water with • minerals penetrates • the solid parts of organisms

45. frozen wooly mammoth found 2007 Ch. 8 The History of Life

46. deluge: • to wash from • deluge theory of fossilization: most fossils were formed as a result of the flood Ch. 8 The History of Life

47. Age of the Earth • Dating fossils with fossils? • * layers of the earth are assigned dates • * index fossils are assigned dates • * fossils found above index are “younger” • * fossils found below index are “older” Ch. 8 The History of Life

48. Sedimentary Rock & Fossils • The oldest layers are at the bottom, the more recent layers are at the top.

49. Phylogenetic Tree • a line up of organisms • based on how they • might be related • similar appearance = common ancestor? Ch. 8 The History of Life

50. Common Ancestors ? Phylogenetic tree