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Usability Techniques for Web-based Services

Usability Techniques for Web-based Services. Diversity and Technology. Universal Accessibility. Design for All. General Principles Vanderheiden (1997). Use: equitable, flexible, simple and intuitive. Perceptible information and error tolerance.

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Usability Techniques for Web-based Services

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  1. Usability Techniques for Web-based Services Diversity and Technology 1

  2. Universal Accessibility Design for All 2

  3. General PrinciplesVanderheiden (1997) • Use: equitable, flexible, simple and intuitive. • Perceptible information and error tolerance. • Low physical effort and appropriate size and space for approach. 3

  4. Guidelines for ElderlyCzaja (1997) • Contrast, screen glare, object size • Minimal info, consistent location, group • Highlight, color discrimination, key label • Clear icons, practice • Minimal demands on memory • Consistency, simplicity (e.g. online help) 4

  5. Web Content Guidelines (W3C)http://www.w3.org/TR/WAI-WEBCONTENT • Auditory/visual alternatives/not color alone • Markup and style sheets • Natural language, tables, pages • User control, access of embedded UIs • Device independence, interim solutions • W3C technologies, context information • Clear navigation and simple documents 5

  6. Conclusions • Guidelines are available • A coherent, complete, well-founded and practical set is lacking • Techniques for application of the guidelines are scarce => Cognitive engineering framework 6

  7. Cognitive Engineering (1) Assessment Specification analytical formative analysis empirical formative design implemen- tation empirical summative flow of spec/assess flow of iteration task/process 7

  8. Cognitive Engineering (2) specification effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction users, goals, info/ support needs and use context objectives Web-service practical theory assessment data/ info task or process 8

  9. Practical Cognitive Theory Factors that affect Web-navigation: • Spatial ability for mental modeling • Memory capacity for task-set switching • Situation awareness during interaction 9

  10. Theoretical and Empirical BasedUser Requirements for Elderly 10

  11. Web-Navigation Performance 11

  12. Spatial Ability Mental rotation task => spatial representation 12

  13. Memory Capacity => scheduler and goal creation memory task 13

  14. News Introduction Products Departments Facilities Projects People Request for information Situation Awareness => multi-media, context and goal refinement categorise task 14

  15. Transform User Requirements into Navigation Supportfor Elderly 15

  16. Analysis • Map user requirements on current support functions • Prioritize according to “Web-service objectives” • Estimate implementation costs => synthesize support concepts 16

  17. Design and Implementation Three support functions: • categorizing landmarks • history map • navigation assistant 17

  18. Evaluation Three usability measures: • effectiveness • efficiency • satisfaction 18

  19. Example Satisfaction Results 19

  20. Conclusions • Individualization of Web-interfaces is needed to realize “Universal Accessibility” • Design for all results in adaptive interfaces (no “boring uniformity”) • Elderly users need more navigation support 20

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