The French and Indian War: Conflict for Control in North America

1. The French and Indian War

2. French: Canada, Appalachian Mountains to Mississippi River, Great Lakes region Built forts Worked as fur traders Friends with Indians English 13 colonies Wanted all the way to the Mississippi River Fur traded Friends with some Indians Claiming Land

3. Land in 1753

4. The English and French fought 4 times between 1689 and 1754.

5. Causes of the French and Indian War • Fur trading • Land in the Ohio River Valley • French were building forts • English also claimed the land • In 1753, England sent George Washington with a small group to try to make the French leave the Ohio River Valley.

6. What do we know about George Washington?

7. The war starts…. • English send 40 men to build a fort (Pittsburgh) • French & Indians attack the partially built fort in April 1754 – French win and finish building the fort – Fort Duquesne • Washington and men Build another small fort to prepare to attack F. Duquesne – fort is called Fort Necessity. • French attack Fort Necessity on July 3, 1754 – Washington surrenders – French capture him and men. • The French and Indian war has started….

8. French Advantages Colonies were united English Advantages Colonies on the coast – easy to defend Population was 15 times greater Navy was the best French and Indians v. English

9. Ben Franklin suggests colonists ban together • Albany Plan • Wanted to unite the colonies • Called for a representative council • Council would collect taxes, raise an army, make treaties, and start new settlements • Colonistsdid not accept.

10. General “Bulldog” Braddock • “Bulldog” with Washington try to march an army of 21,000 Redcoated soldiers to Fort Duquesne. • French attack with less than 900 men • Washington wanted to retreat and take cover but “Bulldog” said no. • Washington had 2 horses shot out from under him, 4 bullets went through is coat…What if…. • 1000 English were killed including Braddock

11. English take Quebec • The best English generals were sent to the colonies to beat the French. • Goal was to capture Quebec – French capital. • Quebec sat on a cliff

12. English attack at night, surround the fort and win • English now controlled the St. Lawrence River. • French was forced to surrender.

14. War Ends – Treaty of Paris • England won (1763) • England got all the land to the Mississippi River, Canada, and Florida from Spain. • Ended French power in North America

16. Pontiac Rebellion • England started to take more Indian land. • Indians attacked – Pontiac Rebellion • To end the rebellion English sent Indians blankets infected with small pox – which killed many Indians

17. Proclamation of 1763 • England saw that defending Western land would be expensive and they were already in debt. • England said colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains. • Colonists were angry – felt they had the right – colonist ignored the English • England sent 1000 troops to enforce the laws. • Colonists had to pay for troops • England was more in debt – decided to tax the colonists.