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AMSTI VOLCANOES

AMSTI VOLCANOES. Volcano Intro. Can usually be predicted Clues: increased number of earthquakes, presence of steam & ash, increased amount of sulfur in the air, and bulging sides/top of volcano Accurate predictions save lives & protects property. Volcanoes.

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AMSTI VOLCANOES

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  1. AMSTI VOLCANOES

  2. Volcano Intro • Can usually be predicted • Clues: increased number of earthquakes, presence of steam & ash, increased amount of sulfur in the air, and bulging sides/top of volcano • Accurate predictions save lives & protects property

  3. Volcanoes • Eruptions range from mild to violent • Often spew molten rock onto ground & ash into air • Can erupt sideways • Can occur with earthquake, flash flood, rockfall, and mudflow (Lahar) • Can cause tsunami & melts snow/glaciers

  4. Volcanologist • Studies volcano • Observes & collects data • Collect samples of lava • Trained in geology, physics, chemistry, biology, statistics, math, and engineering • Fascinated & curious about volcanoes & how they work

  5. Destructive Results • Ash, contaminated water, collapsed roofs, electrical storms, wipe out forests, mudflows, rockfalls, earthquakes, flash flood, ignite fires, tsunami, lightning, storms, landslide, destroy crops, suffocate animals

  6. Constructive Results • Beautiful hot springs, recreation, geothermal energy, produce electricity, enrich soil with minerals, creates gorgeous landscapes

  7. Magma vs Lava • Magma is under ground-Lava is above ground • Hot molten rock below surface rises through fractures of crust-can cool & form rock-can spew into land or ocean floor

  8. Viscosity of Lava • Runny lava flows and covers quickly • Ricky thick lava oozes slowly • Magma can retreat & hardens to form caldera • Viscosity measures the resistance of flow, thickness, ease of movement and measures friction

  9. Hot Spot & Islands • Hot spot is are of melting in the mantle • Volcanoes form above hot spots • If under oceanic crust, forms an island

  10. Types of Volcanoes • Shield: gentle flow, 2 separating plates, sloping sides, wide & flat, flat top, has lava dome, resembles warrior's shield • Composite: tall & pointed, snow summits, thick & sticky lava, 2 colliding plates, lava/ash eruptions, symmetrical • Cinder Cone: small, explosive shattering eruptions, ooze lava at base, magma cools quickly, bowl shape crater on top, made of pyro clastic material & cinders/rocks

  11. SHIELD: HAWAII

  12. COMPOSITE:MT FUJI

  13. CINDER CONE:

  14. Rock Cycle

  15. Igneous Rock • Formation: molten rock cools and crystallizes on ground as lava or below ground as magma • Examples: Intrusive-Gabbro & Granite; Extrusive-Basalt, Obsidian & Pumice

  16. Sedimentary Rock • Formation: Small pieces of minerals and plants ae compressed into layers –often found near water • Examples: Sandstone, Shale, Limestone, Coal & Chalk

  17. Metamorphic Rock • Formation: Pressed together by heat & pressure inside Earth’s mantle • Examples: Marble, Quartz, Slate & Gneiss

  18. YELLOWSTONE

  19. Yellowstone • National park in Wyoming & Montana • Hottest most active geyser area in world (500+) • Most of park sits in an ancient caldera

  20. Old Faithful • Most famous geyser at Yellowstone • Erupts every 79 minutes regularly • Big tourist attraction • Stem & boiling water rocket through the narrowest cracks at the speed of sound

  21. Geysers • Water collected under ground is heated by magma • Steam forms, pressure builds & super hot water blasts in the air • If combined with cool groundwater, a hot spring will form

  22. Mt St Helen • State of Washington • Exploded in 1980 • EQ 5.0 collapsed mountain causing landslide • 1 billion to s of ash • Mudflow & floods killed 63 people • Erupted for 6 years

  23. The End of Catastrophic Events

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