Authors: P.Finn, M.O’Connell, C.Fitzpatrick ECE Dept, University of Limerick

1. Demand side management of a domestic dishwasher: Wind energy gains, financial savings and peak-time load reduction Authors: P.Finn, M.O’Connell, C.Fitzpatrick ECE Dept, University of Limerick

2. What was the paper about? • Investigates potential for DSM to limit the requirement of curtailment for wind generation. • Facilitate the integration of renewable energy by shifting the timing of electrical demand in response to various signals- Price, Wind availability. • How various electricity signals can be used to implement DSM of a domestic dishwasher

3. DSM-Demand Side Management ‘DSM is the modification of consumer demand for energy through various methods such as financial incentives and education. Usually, the goal of demand side management is to encourage the consumer to use less energy during peak hours, or to move the time of energy use to off-peak times such as night time and weekends. Peak demand management does not necessarily decrease total energy consumption, but could be expected to reduce the need for investments in networks and/or power plants’ - (Wikipedia) THIS STUDY - DSM aims to move demand to times of increased Wind generation.

4. 1. Penetration Rates And Energy Demand of Household appliances • ESRI & CSO compiled index from 1987 to 2005 Index Increase: 28.9% to 66.3% rise in household appliance ownership • Ratio of residential electricity demand to population increased by 62% to 1909 kWh pp per annum. • Emphasis needs to change to how energy is created and how appliances can optimise the use of energy sources available to it.

5. 2. Curtailment of Wind Generation • curtailment is necessary at times of excessive wind generation • This constrains instantaneous excursions of wind generation in excess of 50% • Ireland currently generates 34% of its maximum export capacity To maximise the benefits of available Wind generation, necessary to increase The flexibility of the load on the electrical grid Impractical amounts of additional installed wind capacity required to make marginal gains in useable energy beyond the curtailment threshold

6. 3.DSM case study: Domestic Dishwasher • Case study carried out over 6 months • Assessed the potential for DSM to increase an appliances demand for wind energy. • Publically available electricity market data EA(ex ante) & EP (ex-post) was gathered over this period to calculate results. • SMP, grid load, wind generation, Carbon intensity • 3 primary optimisations were examined • MINIMISE COST • MAXIMISE DEMAND ON WIND GENERATION • Minimise associated carbon emissions.

7. Minimise Cost & maximise wind optimisations both had financial savings. • Increases in wind demand in all 3 optimisations. • All optimisations showed increase in carbon emissions except for EP carbon and EP wind • Carbon intensity increases at times of Low Load due to morning ramping & Priority dispatch of peat.

8. Smart appliances • BENEFITS • allow consumers tighter control over appliances and to effectively shed or reduce domestic usage of energy. • Reduce bills. • Help achieve energy reduction and renewable energy targets. • LIMITATIONS • Will have minimal effect on the life cycle energy demand of an appliance, without improving our use of renewable energy and reducing the use of the most carbon intensive fuels such as peat and coal for electricity generation.

9. QUESTIONS? References -Wikipedia -greentechmedia.com -www.seai.ie