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The War of 1812: Causes

The War of 1812: Causes. As Thomas Jefferson begins his second term as US President in 1804, Britain and France are at war . . . again (big surprise, right?) The renewed fighting threatens American shipping: British blockade French ports to keep ships from entering

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The War of 1812: Causes

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  1. The War of 1812: Causes • As Thomas Jefferson begins his second term as US President in 1804, Britain and France are at war . . . again (big surprise, right?) • The renewed fighting threatens American shipping: • British blockade French ports to keep ships from entering • Both Britain and France seize American ships, take cargo • Rumors circulate of impressment – seizing American ships and forcing sailors to serve in the British Navy

  2. War of 1812: Causes • President Jefferson convinces Congress to declare an embargo – or ban on exports. • The embargo, which was meant to hurt Europe, also hurt American merchants, sailors, and farmers. • The Embargo is lifted in 1809, except against Britain and France.

  3. The War of 1812: Causes • Meanwhile . . . • Tecumseh – Shawnee chief – tries to unite Native Americans in the Midwest • Wanted to protect their homeland against invading white settlers • 1811 – they launch an unsuccessful attack against Gen. William Henry Harrison • It is discovered that the British had supplied them with the weapons used in the attack War of 1812 Video

  4. The War of 1812: Outcome • The War of 1812 divided the nation along geographic and party lines (see Issues Connector) • In the end, national economic interests outweighed sectional opposition: • To protect American trade President Madison asked Congress for a declaration of war; Congress approved the declaration in early June. • The U.S. defeated Britain and a peace agreement was signed on Christmas Eve, 1814.

  5. The War of 1812: Outcome • The peace treaty did not address the issue of impressment, but it did reopen trade between the U.S. and Britain. • Later, the two nations were able to reach an agreement establishing the US-Canadian border. • Future U.S. President General Andrew Jackson was hailed as a national hero.

  6. The War of 1812: Outcome • After the war, the U.S. entered an “Era of Good Feelings” – a brief period of time (1815 – 1824) when strong feelings of nationalism swept the country. • Star Spangled Banner became national anthem • Uncle Sam became national symbol • Sectional conflicts, however, did not disappear (see Missouri Compromise on pages 222 – 223).

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