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WWI Begins!

WWI Begins!. A Shot Rings Throughout Europe. Heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire Archduke Franz Ferdinand Visiting Bosnia with his wife and was assassinated. . A Shot Rings Throughout Europe. June 28, 1914 Gavrilo Princip 19 years old Member of the Black Hand. The War Begins.

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WWI Begins!

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  1. WWI Begins!

  2. A Shot Rings Throughout Europe • Heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire Archduke Franz Ferdinand • Visiting Bosnia with his wife and was assassinated.

  3. A Shot Rings Throughout Europe • June 28, 1914 • GavriloPrincip • 19 years old • Member of the Black Hand

  4. The War Begins Austria presents demands to Serbia. Serbia wants to negotiate and Austria does not Austria declares war on July 28, 1914

  5. Role of the Alliance System • Serbia is allied with Russia • Russia in Triple Entante with Britain and France • Austria allied with Germany, Italy

  6. Central Powers Called this due to their location Germany Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Ottoman Empire

  7. Allied Powers Great Britain France Russia Serbia Later: Japan Italy Belgium Greece Romania

  8. Western Front

  9. Schlieffen Plan

  10. Battle of the Marne Germany got close to Paris but was turned away by BEF and French Army

  11. Battle of the Marne Allies defeat the Germans at the First Battle of the Marne This is a turning point because it leaves the Schlieffen Plan in ruins.

  12. Germany’s 2 Front War The Western Front had dug into a Trench War and was deadlocked Germany moved soldiers to the Eastern Front to fight the Russians who were invading already.

  13. Trench Warfare Miles and Miles of Trenches were dug into the French country. This way no soldiers were above ground and therefore not targets. No Man’s Land is the territory between the opposing sides trenches

  14. Soldiers in the Trenches

  15. Life in the Trenches • Trench Foot was a reality of the wet and muddy conditions. • Where did you sleep? • What did you eat? • Did a rat eat that first?

  16. New Weapons of WWI Gas Introduced by Germans Used by both sides Caused blindness, severe blisters, or death by choking

  17. New Weapons of WWI Machine guns Improved by WWI Fires ammo automatically Shoot waves of attackers in one swoop

  18. New Weapons of WWI Introduced by British at Battle of the Somme Used chain tracks to move Could cross different types of terrain.

  19. New Weapons of WWI Submarine Introduced by Germans in 1914 Uses torpedo (underwater missile) to sink ships.

  20. New Weapons of WWI First war using planes Designed to drop bombs and shoot each other out of the air. Number of aircraft at start of WWI—800 End of WWI—10,000

  21. Battle of the Somme Britain attacked Germany in the Valley of the Somme River Each side lost more than 500,000 soldiers British gained 5 miles

  22. Verdun Germany attacked France near Verdun Each side loses more than 300,000 men Germany advances 4 miles http://www.wereldoorlog1418.nl/battleverdun/

  23. Battle on the Eastern Front Unlike the immobile Western Front, dug into trenches the East was more mobile. COLD!!!

  24. Russia Struggles • Russia still behind in industrialization • Supplies were always slower than need • Food • Guns • Ammo • Clothes/Boots • Blankets • Germany controlled the Baltic Sea with submarines • Ottomans controlled the straits of the Mediterranean to the Baltic Sea.

  25. Russia’s Advantage

  26. Gallipoli Campaign • Intended to open the Dardanelles • This was the area the Ottoman Empire controlled to the Black Sea • They wanted to open this area so the Allies could supply the Russians through Crimea. • Began in February 1915 • By May both sides had dug in trenches and had come to a stalemate • Allies gave up and evacuated • Suffered 250,000 casualties

  27. African Colonies Colonies in Africa became a battlefield as the warring parties strike and each other possessions. Germany wanted to expand its colonial empire so they took advantage of this time.

  28. British Empire India provided 1.3 million men to fight with the British Australia and New Zealand fight along side and provide troops.

  29. Japan Japan declared war on Germany in 1914 and seized German colonies in China and the Pacific

  30. U-S-A!! U-S-A!! • Stayed out of the war until 1917 when Germany announced “Unrestricted Submarine Warfare” • The United States had provided materials to Britain and the Germans were mad. • On May 7, 1915 Germany sank the British passenger boat the Lusitania • 1,198 people aboard • 128 US citizens • Despite the warning 3 American ships were sunk.

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