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Endocrine Pathology. Overview – Pathologies. Diabetes Mellitus – Separate Lecture Disorders of the Pituitary Gland Disorders of the Thyroid & Parathyroid Disorders of the Adrenals Thermoregulation and Environmental Conditions Metabolic Disorders. Introduction – Endocrine System.
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Overview – Pathologies • Diabetes Mellitus – Separate Lecture • Disorders of the Pituitary Gland • Disorders of the Thyroid & Parathyroid • Disorders of the Adrenals • Thermoregulation and Environmental Conditions • Metabolic Disorders
Introduction – Endocrine System • Maintain equilibrium • Regulate functions of organ systems, through hormones • Reproductive • Growth & Development • Defense against stressors • Blood Glucose levels • Core body Temp • Water & electrolyte balance • Metabolism
Glands • Hypothalamus- • Pituitary Gland- • Thyroid- • Parathyroid- • Adrenal Glands- • Pancreas- • Ovaries/Testes-
Body Function Regulation • Body Energy • Body Temperature • Body Fluid • Hormone response to Exercise
Common Signs & Symptoms • Skin changes • Diaphoresis – hyperhydrosis • Body or Breath Odor • Polydipsia or Polyuria • Arthralgia & Myalgia • Muscle Atropy & weakness • Amenorrhea & Impotence • Mental Status changes • Paresthesia • Edema • Polyphagia • Orthostatic Hypotension • Lethargy/Fatigue • Pain Patterns
Disorders of the Pituitary Gland • Diabetes Insipidus • Acromegaly
Disorders of the Thyroid • Hyperthyroidism • Grave’s Disease
Disorders of the Thyroid • Hypothyroidism
Disorders of the Adrenals • Addison’s Disease • Cushing’s Syndrome
Thermoregulation/Environmental • Heat Cramps • Heat Syncope • Heat Exhaustion • Heat Stroke • Exertional Hyponatremia • Frostbite • Hypothermia • Altitude Sickness
Metabolic Disorders • Gout • Metabolic Bone Disease • Osteoporosis • Paget Disease
The Tired Athlete • Psychological Profile of Athletes – Separate Lecture • Endocrine Disorders • Infections • Anemia • Iron Deficiency Anemia • Dilutional Pseudo-Anemia
I’m Still Tired • Infections: • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4.
Still Tired • Anemia • Fatigue usually c exertion • Lack of RBC • Most commonly iron-deficiency • Reduction of red cell mass or blood hemoglobin concentration
Classification of Anemia • 1. Cell Proliferation • A. • B. • 2. Maturation • 3. Destruction
Ineffective Erythropoiesis • Iron deficiency • Vitamin B12 deficiency • Folic acid deficiency
Anemia • Think about elevation • S/S: • At Risk Population:
Laboratory Finding • Hct (%) • women 36-48 men 40-52 • Hb (g/dl) Normal is 12-16 • Anemic when < 12 g/dl • MCV Normal is 80-100 • 60-70 = Micro 100+ = Macro • RBC count • women 4.0-5.4 men 4.5-6.0 • Anemia = small RBC c low ferritin
Iron Deficiency Anemia - Treatment • 3-6 mg per kg of body weight of elemental iron • Better with vitamin C on an empty stomach • Frequent monitoring
Iron Deficiency in Patients • Other causes: Chronic Blood Loss
Sports Anemia • Dilutional pseudoanemia • Will not respond to tx • Normal MCV & ferritin • No affect of performance
How to Assess Patients • HISTORY, HISTORY, HISTORY • Cover all organ systems • Physical Exam – General Affect • Labs