Understand how public health is promoted and protected Unit 31 LO3

1. Understand how public health is promoted and protectedUnit 31 LO3 Part Two P7

2. Understand how public health is promoted and protected

3. Communicable Caught from others Spread by micro organisms Any life stage and recover fairly quickly Transmitted through a vector – air, water, direct contact, food or parasite Non communicable Not caught Includes degenerative, deficiency, inherited and diseases associated with lifestyle and environment Communicable and Non communicable diseases – P7 You will have a better assignment if you choose diseases that you can find primary evidence for or you have already researched!

4. Tuberculosis Sexually transmitted diseases (e.g. Chlamydia) Meningitis Salmonella food poisoning MRSA Poliomyelitis Measles Treatments Immunisation Health campaigns Monitoring Screening Local and national education programmes and initiatives. Communicable – choose one from the left hand side box

6. Find out which bacterium cause these diseases.

7. Find out which viruses cause these diseases.

8. Find out which fungal spores cause these diseases.

9. Poor living conditions Cholera and typhoid –contaminated water Salmonella – faeces on food Amoebic dysentery Asbestosis Lyme Disease – ticks Typhus – lice and fleas Malnutrition Vitamin deficiencies Low calorie count Coeliacs Diseases and vectors

10. Chlamydia • Viral infection sexually transmitted = Chlamydia trachomatis • Majority of infections are asymptomatic • Free testing for those up to 25 years old • Treatment – course of antibiotics • chlamydia update 2013

11. Chlamydia screening can prevent transmission End of infection without screening End of infection with screening Infection Natural clearance Develop symptoms/complications, treated Screening test Chlamydia not passed on to sexual partner

12. Number of tests and proportion testing positive by gender (NCSP tests)

13. Attitudes by testing status

14. The internet testing pathway Please call us to get your chlamydia test result. Laboratory

15. What proportion of tests were positive?

16. measles and chlamydia data April 2013

17. Skin cancer Lung cancer Bowel cancer Coronary heart disease Stroke Diabetes Treatments Immunisation Health campaigns Monitoring Screening Local and national education programmes and initiatives. Non communicable – choose one from the left hand side box

19. From Cancer Research UK • Malignant melanoma incidence is strongly inversely related to deprivation in the UK; it is one of the few cancers where incidence rates are lower for more deprived men and women and there is a clear trend of decreasing rates from the least to the most deprived.21-24 The most recent England-wide data for 2000-2004 show European AS incidence rates are 122% higher for men living in the least deprived areas compared with the most deprived, and 116% higher for women.21 It has been estimated that there would have been an additional 2,000 new malignant melanoma cancer cases each year in England during 2000-2004 if all men and women had experienced the same incidence rates as the most affluent.21

20. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org • In 2010, 40,695 people in the UK were diagnosed with bowel cancer. • In 2011 there were 15,659 deaths from bowel cancer in the UK. • In 2005-2009, around 55% of adult bowel cancer patients (54% of men and 56% of women) in England survived their cancer for five years or more.

21. Bowel cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the UK. Around 40,700 people were diagnosed with bowel cancer in 2010 in the UK, that’s around 110 people every day. In 2010, around 22,800 men were diagnosed with bowel cancer in the UK making it the third most common cancer in men after prostate and lung cancer. Bowel cancer is the third most common cancer in women after lung cancer and breast cancer, with around 17,900 new cases diagnosed in the UK in 2010. More than 8 in 10 bowel cancer cases occur in people aged 60 and over. Bowel cancer incidence rates have remained relatively stable for over a decade. In Europe (EU27) there were around 334,000 new cases of bowel cancer diagnosed in 2008. Worldwide, an estimated 1.24 million new cases of bowel cancer were diagnosed in 2008.

22. Four randomised controlled trials showed that population screening with the faecal occult blood test (FOBT) every two years has the potential to reduce colorectal mortality by between15% and 18% in people aged 45-74.1-4 Those who attend screening have a 25% reduction in their risk of dying from colorectal cancer.4,5 Uptake of the FOBT in the pilots was 57%. The rate of colorectal cancer detection was 1.62 per 1,000 people screened. The NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme was phased in over three years in England starting in 2006 for people aged 60-69.  The English and Welsh programmes are gradually extending to men and women aged 70-74. Men and women are to be invited to participate every two years by using FOBT kits in their own homes and returning them to laboratories for analysis. In England people aged over the target age group can opt-in to the scheme and request a FOBT kit. Approximately 2% of tests are positive and further investigation, (colonoscopy), is offered. Most people with a positive test result will not have cancer .

23. Arthritis • Rheumatoid and osteoarthritis • Treatment – GP, Consultant, Physiotherapy, Occupational therapy • Treatment – pain killers, anti inflammatory, complimentary, surgery • 10 minute slide show for arthritis - Arthritis care • New data emphasise the need for a national public health approach to address osteoarthritis | Arthritis Research UK

24. Report Oct 2013

25. Understanding public healthP7 Choosing your own methods of presenting the information produce materials that describe ONE communicable and ONE non communicable disease. You should include the causes and impact on health You should show how they are prevented and controlled. Use a wide variety of sources to illustrate your materials.