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Understanding Energy conservation in Chemistry

Learn about energy types (potential, kinetic), temperature relation, law of conservation, and real-world examples in Mr. Shield's Regents Chemistry. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed - explore various energy forms.

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Understanding Energy conservation in Chemistry

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  1. Energy & Conservation of Energy Mr. Shields Regents Chemistry U03 L01

  2. Note the little c Energy In the SI System the unit of ENERGY is the JOULE Another unit of energy is the calorie 1 “small c” calorie = 4.184 Joules 1 cal = 4.184J In our food, Calories are designated on the label by a large C and 1 Calorie = 1000 calories

  3. What do these units mean? 1 • 1 Joule = the energy required to lift a golf ball 1 meter • 1 calorie = 4.184 Joules • 1 calorie (or 4.184 J) can raise the temp of 1g water 1°C • 1 Calorie can raise 1Kg (2.54lbs.) of water 1°C So… 1 chocolate bar = approx 230 Calories or 230,000 calories or enough energy to heat about 507 lbs of water 1 deg. C !!!

  4. Energy: The Ability to do Work • Potential = Energy of position. • Also called STORED ENERGY • Kinetic = Energy of movement • Rememeber: Temp = Avg KE • Electromagnetic = Wave energy. • Example: Visible light, microwaves, UV

  5. Temperature vs Heat • Temp is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance. • Temperature does not measure total energy • Temperature does not depend on amount of a substance present; Heat (q) does. • Ex. 70° Swimming Pool vs. 70° Cup of Tea • Temp is the same but there is more heat energy (q) in the swimming pool

  6. Potential Energy Potential energy is the energy of position. It exists whenever two things are separated by some distance Ex: Man on a cliff, planets and the sun, any assembly of objects PE = mg x h g = gravitational acceleration of the earth (9.8 m/sec2) h = Height or distance between two objects Note: m (kg) x g = Newtons (N)

  7. oonuclei approach each other high PE Separated atoms / High PEo o o—o Stable Bond min PE Bonding PE Curve Energy stored in chemical bonds

  8. Stability and Energy • If PE is high, stability is low. • You standing on the edge of a cliff • Two highly separated atoms • If PE is low, stability is high. • You standing at the bottom of the cliff • Two atoms joined together in a bond

  9. Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy is the energy of mass in motion. Everything you see moving has kinetic energy. - KE increases as mass and speed increase The equation for KE is… KE = (1/2) m v2 What kind of curve is this?

  10. Kinetic Energy & Temp Why is KE related to Temperature? The faster molecules move the more ENERGY they have. When Molecules collide with the thermometer they transfer Some of their energy. As KE increases more energy is Transferred. As ENERGY is transferred the molecules in the liquid inside the thermometer speed up and expand. So… Temperature measures of AVG. KE of all molecules

  11. Faster molecules Changing KE with Temperature At a given temperature not all molecules are moving at the same speed 273° Slower molecules 373° 473° At higher temperatures molecules are moving at higher velocities

  12. Decreasing Wavelength Hertz Increasing Energy

  13. (The speed of light)

  14. Conservation of Energy Can an matter have kinetic and potential energy? Consider this photo… Can you explain how water flowing in the dam has both Kinetic and Potential Energy?

  15. The Law of Conservation of Energy You sit in a elevator like cart which is pulled all the way to the top of the tower. It lurches to a stop ... and then swoosh you're dropped down. Explain the change in energy. As you drop down the track all the Potential Energy that was stored when you ascended up the tower turns continuously into Kinetic Energy. This is an example of the LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY.

  16. Conservation of Energy Molecules can also have both Kinetic and Potential Energy. Molecules are in constant motion and thus have KE - Recall temperature is a measure of this energy Atoms in molecules vibrate along their chemical bonds - The chemical bond itself stores PE (like a spring) - As the atoms vibrate back and forth PE is converted to KE and vice versa

  17. Let’s Apply the law of conservation of energy to a match. What kind of Energy does the match have? Initially the match had only potential (chemical) energy Stored in its bonds. What happens when I strike it? - When it’s struck the friction creates heat - The heat provides energy to break bonds - When we break chemical bonds we create… 1. Heat 4. Motion 2. Sound 3. Light Is the energy now destroyed once the match burns out?

  18. Conservation of Energy Simply restated The LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY SAYS Energy can neither be created nor destroyed The energy of the universe is conserved

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