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Problem-Solving in C++: IPO Charts & Algorithms Explanation

Learn the problem-solving process in programming with C++. Understand how to analyze a problem, create IPO charts, plan algorithms using pseudocode and flowcharts, and implement desk-checking techniques.

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Problem-Solving in C++: IPO Charts & Algorithms Explanation

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  1. Chapter 2:Beginning the Problem-Solving Process Introduction to Programming with C++ Fourth Edition

  2. Objectives • Explain the problem-solving process used to create a computer program • Analyze a problem • Complete an IPO chart • Plan an algorithm using pseudocode and flowcharts • Desk-check an algorithm Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  3. Problem Solving/Solving Everyday Problems • Steps include: • Analysis • Planning • Review • Implementation • Evaluation • Modification Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  4. Analysis and Planning Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  5. Modified Algorithm Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  6. Creating Computer Solutions to Problems Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  7. Analyzing the Problem • Purpose of analyzing the problem: • to determine the goal • to determine the items needed to achieve the goal Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  8. Analyzing the Problem (continued) Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  9. IPO (Input, Processing, Output) Charts • Used by programmers to organize and summarize the results of a problem analysis • To determine input: • Search the problem specification for an answer to the following question: What information will the computer need to know to print, display, or store the output items? Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  10. IPO Chart with Input and Output Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  11. Determining Important Information • If you are not sure if a piece of information is important, ask yourself this question: If I didn’t know this information, could I still solve the problem? • When reading a problem specification, it helps to use a pencil to lightly cross out unnecessary information Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  12. Problem Specification Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  13. Problem Specification Lacking Information Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  14. Problem Specification with Input not Stated Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  15. Planning the Algorithm • Processing item - an intermediate value that the algorithm uses when processing the input into the output • Pseudocode - a tool programmers use to help them plan an algorithm • Flowchart - uses standardized symbols to show the steps the computer needs to take to accomplish the program’s goal Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  16. Completed IPO Chart Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  17. IPO Chart with Flow Chart Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  18. Flowchart Symbols • Flowlines - used to connect symbols • Start/stop symbol (oval) – indicates beginning of flowchart • Process symbols (rectangles) – used to represent tasks such as calculations • Input/output symbol (parallelogram) - used to represent input tasks Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  19. Solving Sarah’s Problem Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  20. IPO Chart for Problem Specification Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  21. Hints for Planning Algorithms Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  22. Desk-Checking the Algorithm • Reasons for desk-checking: • To verify that the program is not missing any steps • To verify that the existing steps are correct and in the proper order Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  23. Desk-Check Table with New Weekly Pay Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  24. Results of Second Desk-Check Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  25. The Gas Mileage Problem Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  26. The Gas Mileage Problem (continued) • Analyze the problem looking for nouns and adjectives that represent both input and output • Output should answer the following question: What does the user want to see printed on paper, displayed on the screen, or stored in a file? • Input should answer the following question: What information will the computer need to know to print, display, or store the output items? Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  27. IPO Chart Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  28. Completed Desk-Check Table Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

  29. Summary • Explain the problem-solving process used to create a computer program • Complete an IPO chart • Use algorithms (pseudocode) and flowcharts • Use desk-checking techniques Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

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