Waste Utilization NRCS Standard 633

1. Waste UtilizationNRCS Standard 633 Mark Scarpitti, CCA State Agronomist, Ohio NRCS (740) 653-1500 ext 40 mark.scarpitti@oh.usda.gov

2. Purposes of633 • Protect water quality • Provide fertility for crop, forage, fiber production • Improve or maintain soil structure • Provide feedstock for livestock • Provide a source of energy

3. Custom designed for the: • Type of Livestock Operation, • Type of waste, • Type of Waste Storage facility, • Soils, • Fields, • Spreading Equipment • Crop Nutrient needs, • Landscape • Environmental issues • Accounts for all sources of nutrient. Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plans

4. Plans and Specifications • The CNMP is to account for utilization and disposal of all wastes produced and their application. • Utilization must meet the NRCS Standards for Nutrient Management and Waste Utilization. • CNMPs must be approved by a certified specialist.

5. 633 CRITERIA – ALL PURPOSES • Use based on at least one manure test annually for all storage structures Hint to Applicators – take a sample for the client

6. 633 CRITERIA – ALL PURPOSES • Soil Testing (pH, CEC, P, K) per Nutrient Management (590) • Application rates based on the most limiting: • Nutrients • Volume/Weight

7. 633 CRITERIA – ALL PURPOSES • Document waste transferred and who will be responsible for acceptable use. • Records kept minimum of 5 years • Plan recognizes overall elements of conservation plan – SWAPA + H

8. 633 CRITERIA – ALL PURPOSES PLANS SHALL SPECIFY • Form • Source • Amount • Timing • Method of application

9. CRITERIA – WATER QUALITY • Wastes are not to be applied to land frequently flooded during the period when flooding is expected UNLESS incorporated immediately.

10. CRITERIA – WATER QUALITY Fields that are “Systematically Surface Drained” (spaced 100-200 feet apart) • Till 3-5 Inches deep or use Aerway prior to “Liquid • Manure” application • Immediately incorporate “solid manure” • Or, Inject manure on fields that are “not tile drained” • Limit “Liquid Manure” applications to 13,000 gallons • or less

11. CRITERIA – WATER QUALITY FROZEN / SNOW COVERED SOIL • Not Recommended • Target areas furthest from streams, ditches, waterways • Need 90% ground cover • Increase setbacks to minimum of 200’ from surface waters • Limit rate to 5000/gal/acre or 10 wet tons/acre • Limit to 20 contiguous acre – separate by 200 feet • Slopes over 6% - apply in alternate 60 – 200 foot strips

12. Criteria forLiquid Manure Application On Fields With Tile Drainage • Problem - liquid manure moving through soil pores and cracks to tile - discharge • Problem with both injection and surface application

13. CRITERIA – WATER QUALITY Liquid Manure … • Limit application to AWC in upper 8” AND monitor tile outlets during application • Application rate is to be adjusted to the most limiting factor to: • avoid ponding, • surface runoff, • subsurface drainage (tile) discharge, • nutrient needs of the field, or the nitrogen or phosphorus risks for the field

14. CRITERIA – WATER QUALITY • Do not apply liquid manure at a rate that will create surface ponding or runoff. • When applying liquid manure to tiled fields have immediate access to tile plugs or equivalent safeguards

16. CRITERIA – WATER QUALITY Fields that are Tile (Subsurface) Drained… • Apply the lesser of the AWC in the upper 8 inches or 13,000 gallons/acre per application. • Use an AERWAY tool or similar tool that can disrupt / close (using horizontal fracturing) the preferential flow paths … • If injection is used, inject only deep enough to cover the manure with soil. Till the soil at least 3 inches below the depth of injection prior to application, or all tile outlets from the application area are to be plugged prior to application

17. Manure Application on Steep SitesCropland > 15% - Pasture > 20%Do one of the following... • Immediate incorporate unless > 80% ground cover. • Apply during period of low runoff (Late May to Mid-October). • Apply lower rates 10 tons solid or 5000 gallons liquid, separated by rainfall events. • The field is established in contour strips with alternate strips of sod.

19. Where P2O5 Application Rates Exceed Crop Removal • Go slow to 150 ppm • At 150ppm -- No More • Determine the number of years to reach a Bray P1 of 150 ppm. • Use Table 3 in Practice 633 • Use the Purdue MMP Program

20. Phosphorus Issues • Eutrophication ( dead zone ) • Critical issue in impaired fresh water • Outbreaks of harmful algae blooms • Decreased recreational & fishery value Agriculture is a MAJOR source of phosphorus in fresh water

21. “P” Management • Soil Test • Customize feed rations • Disrupt surface P concentration (till) • Maintain high crop residue levels • Balance inputs & outputs • Draw P levels down

22. OPERATION & MAINTENANCE • Records kept for 5 years or longer • Quantity • Dates, analysis, and amounts • Waste application methods • Crops grown and Yields • Calibration Records • Soil and weather conditions at application • Why -- C Y A !

23. Duuhh Factors for CNMP writers !! • Manure has a reputation ! • It stinks MORE on hot humid days and holidays • Manure is a financial asset & liability • Liquids runs down hill • Tile systems are designed to drain water • Repair tile blowouts • Stay away from surface inlets • Stay away from water sources & conduits

24. Watch CLOSELY the tile outlets when spreading • Use filter strips • Don’t spread when its wet • clean the roads up • Keep it in the ZONE – the root zone • Put it where it’s needed

25. CNMP Biggies for Producers… • Do Manure tests • Balance application with need • Observe setbacks • Special attention for liquid manure • THINK nutrient application-utilization • Special attention to frozen snow covered soils • Special attention to steep slopes

26. CNMP Good Neighbor Stuff • It STINKS! • No manure w/in 300 feet of homes, etc. • Early morning – cooler, less wind • Holidays • Manure may / does contain pathogens • Incorporate • Low aerosol application when irrigating • Perception is reality

27. Mark A. Scarpitti • www.oh.nrcs.usda.gov • Phone: 740-653-1500 ext. 40 • Email: • mark.scarpitti@oh.usda.gov