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Plant Communities: Structure, Composition, and Interactions

Learn about plant communities, including their structure, specific composition, horizontal and vertical organization, seed banks, and mutual relationships. Includes a worksheet for practice.

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Plant Communities: Structure, Composition, and Interactions

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  1. PLANT COMMUNITIES Výukový materiál EK 01 - 03 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR 2014

  2. plant community or phytocoenosis: • set of populations various plant taxons • it populates a certain habitat • it makes up a substantial component of biocoenosis and the whole ecosystem • characteristic for communities: • structure • specific composition PLANT COMMUNITIES

  3. seed bank: • it is composed of viable seeds in the state of vegetation standstill = dormant stand • they are accumulated in the soil • they can gradually germinate and complete the vegetation PLANT COMMUNITIES

  4. vertical structure (layer type): • organization of plant parts into more or less distinct layers – storeys • above the earth and under the earth surface • storeys: • trees • bushes • herbs • moss • root storeys PLANT COMMUNITIES

  5. PLANT COMMUNITIES

  6. horizontal structure: • layout of plant populations on the earth surface the structure of communities is usually not fully unchangeable • big changes in the time, caused by the weather • seasonal changes of the phytocoenosis • spring aspect of the floodplain forest PLANT COMMUNITIES

  7. mutual relations in plant communities: • competitive • mutualistic • parasitic • relations herbivora (planteaters) - plants • epiphytism PLANT COMMUNITIES

  8. competitive relations: • competition • based on negative influence between two or more organisms • they use common limited source of nutrition • interspecies competition • introspecies competition • the consequence of the competition is the growth reduction and retardation of development • and retardation of development PLANT COMMUNITIES

  9. mutual relations: • Set of relationsbased on mutual positive influence between both of the populations • a) looser relations > by the pollination and spreading of seeds by animals • b) close symbiotic relations > mycorhisis, nodule bacteria + French bean plants PLANT COMMUNITIES

  10. epiphytism: • relation when a plant (epiphyt) is attached to another one, which it uses as a pad • algae • cyanophyta • lichens • in equatorial regions: • ferns • higher plants PLANT COMMUNITIES

  11. PLANT COMMUNITIES - WORKSHEET DESCRIBE THE PICTURE

  12. KINCL, Lubomír, Miloslav KINCL a Jana JAKRLOVÁ. Biologie rostlin: pro 1. ročník gymnázií. 4., přeprac. vyd. Praha: Fortuna, 2006, 302 s. ISBN 80-716-8947-5. SOURCES

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