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1QQ#8 10:30

This text provides an overview of peptide and catecholamine hormones, their storage and release, as well as the role of tropic hormones. It also covers the functions of various endocrine glands and discusses common disorders such as hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis.

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1QQ#8 10:30

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  1. 1QQ#8 10:30 Write A B C D E and circle the letter of each correct response. A) Peptide hormones are stored in intracellular vesicles and released as needed. B) Renin is secreted from the adrenal cortex in response to a drop in blood pressure. C) Aldosterone acts to boost blood pressure by enhancing the retention of sodium by the kidneys. D) Oxytocin reaches the posterior pituitary gland by way of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system. E) Trophic hormones stimulate the growth of their target cells.

  2. 1QQ#8 11:30 Write A B C D E and circle the letter of each correct response. A) Catecholamine hormones are stored in vesicles and released as needed. B) Renin is secreted from the adrenal medulla in response to a drop in blood pressure. C) As blood pressure gets higher and higher, renin secretion should decrease. D) The neurohypophysis is connected to the hypothalamus by the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system. E) A hormone is said to be a tropic hormone if it stimulates the growth of its target cells.

  3. S4 Fig. 11.12b NeurohypophysisAdenohypophysis 6 2

  4. Tropic hormones control the function Trophic hormones promote survival and growth of targets Releasing Hormone Release-inhibiting Hormone S 1 A P P P P P Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system P P P P P P A S S

  5. Tropic hormones control the function Trophic hormones promote survival and growth of targets Releasing Hormone Release Inhibiting Hormone S 2 Short-loop Neg. Feed. Long-loop negative feedback

  6. Thyroid Gland S3 • TH =T3 and T4 Biopsy of normal Thyroid Gland Hematoxylin and Eosin Stain: H stains nucleic acids dark blue.E stains proteins and carbs pink. Fenestrated Capillary (typical of endocrine glandsand digestive tract) Other classes of capillaries:continuous (in CNS) anddiscontinuous (in liver, bone marrow, spleen)

  7. S4 Synthesis, Storage and Secretion of T3 and T4Roles of TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) Tropic: directs controls, regulates Trophic: growth Transcription Factor TH essential for normal development, increases cell metabolism & heat production (Basal Metabolic Rate) =Adrenergic Receptor

  8. S5 Fig. 11.08 Permissive effect Thyroid hormone stimulates production of beta-adrenergic receptors, which increases the target cell’s responsiveness to EPI.

  9. Who Cares?

  10. TRH TSH T3 & T4 S 7 EndemicGoiter • Symptoms of hypothyroidism • Levels of TSH and TH? • Explain enlarged thyroid gland • Cause: Inadequate dietary intake of iodine • Treatment? Goiter Elevates basal metabolic rate,potentiates response to EPI If hypothyroid during pregnancy…cretinism = congenital hypothyroidism

  11. S 8 Synthesis, Storage and Secretion of T3 and T4Roles of TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) Tropic: directs controls, regulates Trophic: growth Folliclesswell withthyroglobulin

  12. Who else Cares?

  13. Aunt Dot S 9 Symptoms: nervousness, palpitations, hyperactivity, increased sweating, heat hypersensitivity, fatigue, increased appetite, weight loss, insomnia, weakness, and frequent bowel movements (occasionally diarrhea). Signs may include warm, moist skin; tremor; tachycardia; atrial fibrillation; and palpitations. Source: Merck Manual Blood tests for catecholamine levels are normal! Many common symptoms of hyperthyroidism are similar to those of adrenergic excess.

  14. S 10 Aunt Dot’s Blood Test Results • T3 and Total T3 very high • TSH very low

  15. ⇩ ⇩ The cause: Abnormal Immunoglobulins in patient activate TSH receptors on Thyroid cells ⇧Metabolic rate ⇧sensitivity to EPI (up-regulation of adrenergic receptors) ⇧Temperature ⇧Heart rate and ⇧Blood Pressure Grave’s Disease = one form of Thyrotoxicosis S 11 Blood test:TSH levels low TH levels high TRH from Hypothal. TSH from Ant. Pit. T3 and T4 from Thyroid gland ⇧Lipolysis and fuel mobilization Weight loss

  16. S 12 Treating thyrotoxicosis with Radioactive Iodine Accumulation of radioactive iodine Kills follicular cells.

  17. S 13 Aunt Dot and Uncle Harold

  18. Quiz #7 Choose two of the following false or misleading statements and make the appropriate corrections: • Steroid hormones are stored in secretory vesicles at the time of release from a stimulated endocrine cell. • All amine hormones are hydrophillic molecules that easily dissolve in water and bind to receptors in the plasma membrane of the target cell. • Thyroid hormone and epinephrine are synergistic because either can stimulate the breakdown of fatty acids in adipocytes but together they enhance the process. • All hormones released from the pituitary are produced by cell bodies in the hypothalamus. Note: next Monday’s quiz will be based on material from this week’s lab.

  19. Age 16, 33, 52 S 14 Another Endocrinological Disorder

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