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History of Neurology

History of Neurology. d avid h. hubel md & t orsten wiesel md ( 1926-2013) (1924-present) April 10 th , 2017 Neurology resident morning report. David H. Hubel (1926-2013). B Ontario, Canada McGill Med school & Neurology residency 1959-Hopkins Neurology Fellowship

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History of Neurology

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  1. History of Neurology david h. hubel md & torstenwiesel md (1926-2013) (1924-present) April 10th, 2017 Neurology resident morning report

  2. David H. Hubel(1926-2013) • B Ontario, Canada • McGill Med school & Neurology residency • 1959-Hopkins Neurology Fellowship • Korean War-drafted into Army-Walter Reed Army Institution of Research  (WRAIR) • Began recording from primary visual cortex of awake cats • Invented modern metal electrodes • Measured firing of brain cells in cats as they watched moving spot on screen • Learned basic machinist skills • 1958-Hopkins: began collaborating with Dr. Wiesel • Both recruited to Harvard; collaborated 20 years • 1959-Hubel spent career at HMS till he died to P&L for the game

  3. Torsten Wiesel MD1924-present • B Uppsala, Sweden • MD- Karolinska Institute • Fac-Physiology & child Psychiatry  • 1955-Hopkins under Dr. Stephen Kuffler • 1958 -Fellowship in Ophthalmology • Then Asst Prof • Met Dr. Hubel • 1959- Moved to Harvard with Hubel •  Instructor in Pharmacology • 1968-Prof Neurobiology; Chair 1971 • 1983- Rockefeller University • 1991-1998 President of RU • Still at RU

  4. David Hubel MD & Torsten Wiesel MD Discoveries • Neurophysiology of vision • Information processing in visual system • Cells in occipitalcortex respond to straight lines, movement, and contrast • Some cells fire rapidly in response to horizontal lines, others to vertical lines or angles (edge motion, stereoscopic, color detectors) • Cells with similar functions are organized into columns (ocular dominance columns)

  5. David Hubel MD & Torsten Wiesel MD Discoveries . • Vision does not develop normally if the brain fails to make connections with the eye early in life. • Experiments; sealed eye shut at birth in cats. Blind in that eye & light not enough to provide stimulation

  6. David Hubel MD & Torsten Wiesel MD Discoveries • Columns in the primary visual cortex receiving inputs from non-blind eye took over the areas that would normally receive input from the deprived eye • Ocular dominance develops irreversibly in early childhood • Implications for childhood cataracts and strabismus • Now we operate on infants born with cataracts early in life to prevent vascular • Also now treat strabismus earlier

  7. David Hubel MD & Torsten Wiesel MD E. Kandel: “David and Torsten did more than open up the study of primary visual cortex; they laid the basis of all that was to follow in the sensory system. Together their body of work stands as one of the great biologic achievements of the 20th century” Other “critical periods” have since been found in hearing & language acquisitions Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine -1981 (shared with Roger Sperry MD)

  8. New York Times: Sept. 24, 2013Obit for Dr. HubelThe Discovery!!!!

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  14. David Hubel MD & Torsten Wiesel MDBrain and Visual Perception: The Story of a 25-Year Collaboration • . 2004

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