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Kingdom Plantae

Explore the fascinating world of plants, from their cellular composition to reproduction, and how they adapt through geotropism, phototropism, and thigmotropism. Discover the role of roots, stems, and leaves, as well as the importance of seed plants and non-seed plants in ecosystems. Learn about attracting pollinators and seed dispersal methods.

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Kingdom Plantae

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  1. Kingdom Plantae

  2. What is a plant -multi-cellular, eukaryote -mainly sexual reproduction -autotrophic, contains chloroplast (photosynthesis) -cells have cellulose cell walls • Related to algae • Non-motile (cannot move on their own)

  3. Roots • Roots - anchor plants and take up water & nutrients

  4. Stems -Vascular tissue - Transports water and minerals from roots to the rest of the plant -xylem – transports upward (makes rings of trees) -phloem – transports downward (right under bark) Capillary action – adhesion & cohesion working together to move water.

  5. Leaves • Leaf- contain chlorophyll and conduct photosynthesis • stomata – small openings in leaves which allow plants to release water for transpiration. (guard cells open and close stomata) • Cuticle- a waxy waterproof layer on top of leaves to keep water in.

  6. Plant Generations • Sporophyte – diploid stage (tree, shrub,grass) • Gametophyte – haploid reproductive stage (pollen, spores)

  7. Non-Seed Plants • Sexual reproduction by uniting egg and sperm in water to make spores. • Bryophytes – lack vascular tissue (ex. Moss) • Pterophytes – have vascular tissue. (ex. Fern)

  8. Seed Plants • Reproduce sexually by uniting egg and pollen (sperm) through pollination to make seeds (plant embryos). • Gymnosperms – use cones to disperse seeds ex. Pine trees • Angiosperms– make flowers and use fruit to disperse seeds ex. Maple

  9. Attracting Pollinators and Dispersing Seeds Attracting Pollinators • Colors of flowers, scent, nector, mimicry Seed Dispersal • Eating fruit, wind, water, hooks

  10. Plant Adaptations Geotropism—a plant’s response to gravity (roots) Phototropism—a plant’s response to light (leaves) Thigmotropism—a plant’s response to touch (vines)

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