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IELI 2420

Gabriella Nuttall Houghton Mifflin. IELI 2420. College Writing 3. Chapter 2. Understanding Body Paragraphs. 1. Write an “explaining” essay with introduction + thesis statement, body paragraphs and a conclusion.

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IELI 2420

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  1. Gabriella Nuttall Houghton Mifflin IELI 2420 • College Writing 3

  2. Chapter 2 • Understanding • Body Paragraphs

  3. 1. Write an “explaining” essay with introduction + thesis statement, body paragraphs and a conclusion. 2. Learn about commercial website design. Summarize information about web design. Develop web evaluation criteria. 3. Organize your essay by using an essay map. 4. Write a “working thesis.” 5. Select and organize supporting evidence for body paragraphs. 6. Learn a variety of concluding techniques. 7. Understand the grammar of quotations. 8. Use in-text citations and a reference list Chapter 2, page 49: Chapter Objectives

  4. Introduction General introduction to the topic Small amount of information that will “catch” the reader Thesis statement Chapter 2, page 53: Organizing an Explaining Essay

  5. B-1 Background Introduction Necessary information (e.g., history of object, idea, issue; definitions of key terms) General introduction to the topic Explanation of why and/or how you researched the topic (i.e., describe data collection — survey, interview, etc.) Small amount of information that will “catch” the reader Thesis statement Chapter 2, page 53: Organizing an Explaining Essay

  6. B-1 Background Introduction B-4 Additional body B-3 Additional body B-2 Additional body Necessary information (e.g., history of object, idea, issue; definitions of key terms) General introduction to the topic Explanation of why and/or how you researched the topic (i.e., describe data collection — survey, interview, etc.) Small amount of information that will “catch” the reader Thesis statement Chapter 2, page 53: Organizing an Explaining Essay Topic sentencethat refers back to thesis statement Main idea 1+ Detailsthat provide evidence and support — facts, examples, descriptions, personal experience, expert opinions Main idea 2 + Details Main idea 3 + Details Closing sentence

  7. Introduction B-1 Background Conclusion Chapter 2, page 53: Organizing an Explaining Essay B-4 Additional body B-3 Additional body B-2 Additional body Summarizes, predicts, recommends and/or offers a solution Necessary information (e.g., history of object, idea, issue; definitions of key terms) General introduction to the topic Explanation of why and/or how you researched the topic (i.e., describe data collection — survey, interview, etc.) Small amount of information that will “catch” the reader Thesis statement Topic sentencethat refers back to thesis statement Main idea 1+ Detailsthat provide evidence and support — facts, examples, descriptions, personal experience, expert opinions Main idea 2 + Details Main idea 3 + Details Closing sentence Closing sentence References

  8. B-1 Background Introduction B-4 Additional body References B-3 Additional body Conclusion Chapter 2, page 54: Bridal Shoes Websites Introduction Last week, I went on the World Wide Web to look for wedding shoes. It all started because of my sister. Her wedding day was getting closer every day. Almost everything was ready. She had her dress, tiara, and wedding veil; however, she had not found the "right" wedding shoes. I wanted to help my sister, so I went on the Internet, and I found hundreds of websites advertising wedding shoes.How could I choose the best shoes among so many? I thought carefully about the criteria I needed to use to evaluate the website carefully. After I developed my criteria, I went on a "website hunt.”After some work, I narrowed down my search to two websites: Bridal Shoes, Website A (bridalshoes.com), and Bridal People, Website B (bridaIpeople.com). In the end, I decided that Website A had better images, clearer organization, and easier text than the other website. General introduction to the topic Small amount of information that will “catch” the reader Thesis statement B-2 Additional body

  9. B-1 Background Introduction B-4 Additional body References B-3 Additional body B-2 Additional body Conclusion Chapter 2, page 54: Bridal Shoes Websites Introduction After I selected the evaluation criteria, it was easy to select the right websites. To find all the websites about bridal shoes I went to google.com. In the search space I typed "wedding shoes," and I clicked on the search button.Then I saw hundreds of websites about bridal shoes. I looked at the top IO websites and chose the two websites that fitted my criteria the most. The reason I chose images as one of my criteria is that pictures help to evaluate a product. In fact, one Internet source stated, "The right picture or image can instantly convey the fundamental qualities that make your product or service better than your competition" ("Effective Website,” 2002). The other criterion I selected is organization because the way the images are presented and grouped together helps in navigating the website. The text is also very important in a website because if the product descriptions are difficult to read, then it is hard to get the necessary information. Therefore, images, organization and text are the criteria that helped me choose Website A as the best website. Description of web search process Definition and reason for each criterion. Thesis statement from introduction. Note repetition of evaluation criteria. In the end, I decided that Website A had better images, clearer organization, and easier text than the other website.

  10. B-1 Background Introduction B-4 Additional body References B-3 Additional body Thesis statement from opening paragraph. Note repetition of evaluation criteria. B-2 Additional body Conclusion Chapter 2, page 54: Bridal Shoes Websites In the end, I decided that Website A had better images, clearer organization, and easier text than the other website. In fact, Website A had very nice images that grabbed my attention. Images are very important on a website. I saw shoes of all kinds, with high heels, medium heels, low heels; sandals, boots and more. The photographic images were very nice and detailed. Website B had many photographs too, but some of the images did not include shoes, and it was confusing to see other products on the page for shoes. For example, photos of dresses, tiaras and veils were shown along with the photos of shoes. In addition, Website A had a blue background that made the images stand out and contrasted well with the purple text. On the other hand, Website B had many colors: green, blue, red, purple and brown. All the colors distracted me from the images. Also, Website B had the word NEW that changed colors and made the website look too busy whereas Website A did not have any scrolling images or text, so it was easier to focus on the page. Description of A’s images; evaluation of A’s images Contrast with B and evidence about other products on B Description and evaluation of A’s colors Contrast with B and evidence of distracting colors.Evaluation of colors B and A contrasted for distracting images. Evaluation

  11. B-1 Background Introduction B-4 Additional body References B-3 Additional body Thesis statement from opening paragraph. Note repetition of evaluation criteria. B-2 Additional body Conclusion Chapter 2, page 54: Bridal Shoes Websites In the end, I decided that Website A had better images, clearer organization, and easier text than the other website. Another aspect that made Website A more effective was its organization. All the important information was given in a few clear words on the left side of the page. That made a favorable impression because the Website gave details without too much text. Furthermore, the shoe images were all placed in the middle of the page so that customers could spot the product they wanted right away. Also, the lack of distracting information and images about other products made the site look cleaner and better organized than Website B.In addition, Website A had many options (links, search, tips, order/shipping and FAQ's) all at the bottom of the webpage. Instead, Website B had some options at the top and some on the right of the page, and this type of organization looked very messy and confusing. Therefore, Website A had a much better overall organization than Website B. Description and evaluation of A’s layout. A’s clean look. A’s clean look contrasted with B’s look. Evaluation A’s options B’s options. Evaluation.

  12. B-1 Background Introduction B-4 Additional body References B-3 Additional body Thesis statement from opening paragraph. Note repetition of evaluation criteria. B-2 Additional body Conclusion Chapter 2, page 54: Bridal Shoes Websites In the end, I decided that Website A had better images, clearer organization, and easier text than the other website. Reference to research. In-text citation Besides the organization, Website A also had better text. The article "Five Tips for Effective Websites” mentioned that text "should be clear and concise. Overall color of text and images should be a balanced contrast” ("Five Tips," 2000). Website A achieved this contrast by using cursive. This font seems more appropriate for wedding products since it is more old-fashioned and romantic. ln addition, Website A had bold and underlined words that attracted the customers to the most important products and discounts. Finally, the captions were brief and easy to understand.On the contrary, Website B used print and bolded every heading, so it was difficult to tell what information was more important. The captions were difficult and sometimes too technical.Thus, Website B's text was overall inferior to Website A’s text. Description of A’s font, etc. Evaluation Contrast with B. Evaluation.

  13. B-1 Background Introduction B-4 Additional body References B-3 Additional body Thesis statement from opening paragraph. Note repetition of evaluation criteria. B-2 Additional body Conclusion Chapter 2, page 54: Bridal Shoes Websites In the end, I decided that Website A had better images, clearer organization, and easier text than the other website. In conclusion, it was challenging to identify the right criteria for judging the websites. However, taking the time to evaluate the websites carefully helped me find the perfect shoes for my sister. By looking at the images, organization, and text l was able to find the best website, Bridal Shoes. When I get married, I will use this website to buy my wedding shoes. Summary of the essay’s main idea Prediction

  14. B-1 Background Introduction B-4 Additional body References B-3 Additional body B-2 Additional body Conclusion Chapter 2, page 54: Bridal Shoes Websites See page 54 for more about references. References Bridal people website. (2004). Retrieved October 9, 2004 from http://www.bridalpeopIe.com Bridal shoes website. (2004). Retrieved October 9, 2004 from http://www.bridalshoes.com Five tips for effective websites. (2000). White C/ay Multimedia. Retrieved October 15, 2004 from http://www.wcmmc.com/wcmmc/5tips.htm Making an effective website. (n.d.). Dragonscale Design. Retrieved October 9, 2004 from http://www.dragonscale.com/useful/effective.html

  15. B-4 Additional body Introduction B-1 Background B-3 Additional body B-2 Additional body Conclusion Chapter 2, page 54: Bridal Shoes Websites References

  16. Chapter 2, page 58 - 62: Evaluation Criteria You need to travel between point A and point B. What is the best way to travel between two points? Ferry: $2 and 1.5 hours / one ferry every 30 minutes A B Subway $5 and ½ hour / one train every 10 minutes Taxi $300 and 45 minutes What are some things you need to think about in order to decide which is better?

  17. Chapter 2, page 58 - 62: Evaluation Criteria You need to travel between point A and point B. What is the best way to travel between two points? Ferry: $2 and 1.5 hours / one ferry every 30 minutes A B Subway $5 and ½ hour / one train every 10 minutes Taxi $300 and 45 minutes Perhaps, you decided you need to think about cost, travel time, and frequency of departure. These three things constitute your evaluation criteria.

  18. Chapter 2, page 58 - 62: Evaluation Criteria You want to get married. What criteria would you use to select a spouse? You want to attend a university in a foreign country. On what criteria would you base your decision? Would your parents have different criteria?

  19. Summarizing

  20. Chapter 2, page 65: Summarizing Steps Visual Appeal and Color Rachele Monte 1. List author and name of article (book, etc.): A webpage should be aesthetically attractive, which means it should be pleasing to the eye. To achieve a pleasant appearance, Web designers use images that can attract users, such as good-looking models, funny cartoons, and other eye-catching graphics. Animation has also become a popular design element. Moving or flashing text and icons, scrolling images, and video clips are used to enhance a website and attract attention. However, color remains one of the most effective Web design tools. A webpage is considered most attractive when the color scheme is well balanced and consistent. The colors on the webpage need to complement each other well. They also need to match the webpage theme. For example, the webpage of a cancer support group may use pastel or muted colors because of the serious subject matter whereas the color scheme of a party supply store will rely on bright colors to create a feeling of excitement. Ultimately, all the visual elements used in Web design should combine to create a webpage that is visually appealing. [176 words] Author: Rachele Monte Article: Visual Appeal and Color 2. List the main ideas A webpage should have an attractive appearance. To achieve an attractive appearance designers use images. They also use animation. Color is the most effective web design tool. Colors need to be balanced, complement each other, and match the theme of the web page.

  21. Chapter 2, page 65: Summarizing Steps Visual Appeal and Color Rachele Monte 1. List author and name of article (book, etc.): A webpage should be aesthetically attractive, which means it should be pleasing to the eye. To achieve a pleasant appearance,Web designers use images that can attract users, such as good-looking models, funny cartoons, and other eye-catching graphics. Animation has also become a popular design element. Moving or flashing text and icons, scrolling images, and video clips are used to enhance a website and attract attention. However, color remains one of the most effective Web design tools. A webpage is considered most attractive when the color scheme is well balanced and consistent. The colors on the webpage need to complement each other well. They also need to match the webpage theme. For example, the webpage of a cancer support group may use pastel or muted colors because of the serious subject matter whereas the color scheme of a party supply store will rely on bright colors to create a feeling of excitement. Ultimately, all the visual elements used in Web design should combine to create a webpage that is visually appealing. [176 words] Author: Rachele Monte Article: Visual Appeal and Color 2. List the main ideas A webpage should have an attractive appearance. To achieve an attractive appearance designers use images. They also use animation. Color is the most effective web design tool. Colors need to be balanced, complement each other, and match the theme of the web page.

  22. Chapter 2, page 65: Summarizing Steps Visual Appeal and Color Rachele Monte 1. List author and name of article (book, etc.): A webpage should be aesthetically attractive, which means it should be pleasing to the eye. To achieve a pleasant appearance, Web designers use images that can attract users, such as good-looking models, funny cartoons, and other eye-catching graphics. Animation has also become a popular design element. Moving or flashing text and icons, scrolling images, and video clips are used to enhance a website and attract attention. However, color remains one of the most effective Web design tools. A webpage is considered most attractive when the color scheme is well balanced and consistent. The colors on the webpage need to complement each other well. They also need to match the webpage theme. For example, the webpage of a cancer support group may use pastel or muted colors because of the serious subject matter whereas the color scheme of a party supply store will rely on bright colors to create a feeling of excitement. Ultimately, all the visual elements used in Web design should combine to create a webpage that is visually appealing. [176 words] Author: Rachele Monte Article: Visual Appeal and Color 2. List the main ideas A webpage should have an attractive appearance. To achieve an attractive appearance designers use images. They also use animation. Color is the most effective web design tool. Colors need to be balanced, complement each other, and match the theme of the web page.

  23. Chapter 2, page 65: Summarizing Steps Visual Appeal and Color Rachele Monte 1. List author and name of article (book, etc.): A webpage should be aesthetically attractive, which means it should be pleasing to the eye. To achieve a pleasant appearance, Web designers use images that can attract users, such as good-looking models, funny cartoons, and other eye-catching graphics. Animation has also become a popular design element. Moving or flashing text and icons, scrolling images, and video clips are used to enhance a website and attract attention. However, color remains one of the most effective Web design tools. A webpage is considered most attractive when the color scheme is well balanced and consistent. The colors on the webpage need to complement each other well. They also need to match the webpage theme. For example, the webpage of a cancer support group may use pastel or muted colors because of the serious subject matter whereas the color scheme of a party supply store will rely on bright colors to create a feeling of excitement. Ultimately, all the visual elements used in Web design should combine to create a webpage that is visually appealing. [176 words] Author: Rachele Monte Article: Visual Appeal and Color 2. List the main ideas A webpage should have an attractive appearance. To achieve an attractive appearance designers use images. They also use animation. Color is the most effective web design tool. Colors need to be balanced, complement each other, and match the theme of the web page.

  24. Chapter 2, page 65: Summarizing Steps Visual Appeal and Color Rachele Monte 1. List author and name of article (book, etc.): A webpage should be aesthetically attractive, which means it should be pleasing to the eye. To achieve a pleasant appearance, Web designers use images that can attract users, such as good-looking models, funny cartoons, and other eye-catching graphics. Animation has also become a popular design element. Moving or flashing text and icons, scrolling images, and video clips are used to enhance a website and attract attention. However, color remains one of the most effective Web design tools. A webpage is considered most attractive when the color scheme is well balanced and consistent. The colors on the webpage need to complement each other well. They also need to match the webpage theme. For example, the webpage of a cancer support group may use pastel or muted colors because of the serious subject matter whereas the color scheme of a party supply store will rely on bright colors to create a feeling of excitement. Ultimately, all the visual elements used in Web design should combine to create a webpage that is visually appealing. [176 words] Author: Rachele Monte Article: Visual Appeal and Color 2. List the main ideas A webpage should have an attractive appearance. To achieve an attractive appearance designers use images. They also use animation. Color is the most effective web design tool. Colors need to be balanced, complement each other, and match the theme of the web page.

  25. Chapter 2, page 65: Summarizing Steps Visual Appeal and Color Visual Appeal and Color Rachele Monte 1. List author and name of article (book, etc.): A webpage should be aesthetically attractive, which means it should be pleasing to the eye. To achieve a pleasant appearance, Web designers use images that can attract users, such as good-looking models, funny cartoons, and other eye-catching graphics. Animation has also become a popular design element. Moving or flashing text and icons, scrolling images, and video clips are used to enhance a website and attract attention. However, color remains one of the most effective Web design tools. A webpage is considered most attractive when the color scheme is well balanced and consistent. The colors on the webpage need to complement each other well. They also need to match the webpage theme. For example, the webpage of a cancer support group may use pastel or muted colors because of the serious subject matter whereas the color scheme of a party supply store will rely on bright colors to create a feeling of excitement. Ultimately, all the visual elements used in Web design should combine to create a webpage that is visually appealing. [176 words] Author: Rachele Monte Article: Visual Appeal and Color 2. List the main ideas A webpage should have an attractive appearance. To achieve an attractive appearance designers use images. They also use animation. Color is the most effective web design tool. Colors need to be balanced, complement each other, and match the theme of the web page.

  26. Chapter 2, page 65: Summarizing Steps Visual Appeal and Color Rachele Monte A webpage should be aesthetically attractive, which means it should be pleasing to the eye. To achieve a pleasant appearance, Web designers use images that can attract users, such as good-looking models, funny cartoons, and other eye-catching graphics. Animation has also become a popular design element. Moving or flashing text and icons, scrolling images, and video clips are used to enhance a website and attract attention. However, color remains one of the most effective Web design tools. A webpage is considered most attractive when the color scheme is well balanced and consistent. The colors on the webpage need to complement each other well.They also need to match the webpage theme. For example, the webpage of a cancer support group may use pastel or muted colors because of the serious subject matter whereas the color scheme of a party supply store will rely on bright colors to create a feeling of excitement. Ultimately, all the visual elements used in Web design should combine to create a webpage that is visually appealing. [176 words] 3. Begin writing. a) Acknowledge your source of information b) Give the main ideas only. Be careful not to state the main ideas in exactly the same order as the original. Summary In an article entitled, Visual Appeal and Color, Rachele Monte states that three key element to making websites attractive are figures, animation, and color. Of the three, color is the most important. Colors need to go well together and should be appropriate to web page content.

  27. Openings & Thesis Statement

  28. Gets reader’s attention Thesis statement General information about the topic Introduction When I was a senior in high school, I liked to go on the Internet to download music and chat with my friends. I did not pay much attention to such things as “layout” or “links.” I used links, but I had no idea how they worked. I did not even know the words “Web design” until my best friend convinced me to take an elective in high school called Elements of Web Design.Before taking the class, I had never realized before how much careful planning and work go in creating a webpage. Now I know that many companies try to attract consumers by creating colorful and eye-catching websites. Therefore, consumers must develop a set of criteria to evaluate websites more effectively. For this essay, I chose to evaluate the effectiveness of two music company websites, Sam Goody (samgoody.com) and Tower Records (towerrecords.com). Sam Goody is the best website because of its layout, readability and quality of information.

  29. Introduction Background paragraph Thesis statement 1st Additional Body 2nd Additional Body 2nd Additional Body … (samgoody.com) and Tower Records (towerrecords.com). Sam Goody is the best website because of its layout, readability and quality of information. Help readers understand the topic and prepare them for the rest of the essay. Discusses the layout of the two websites. Discusses the readability of the two websites. Discusses the quality of the two websites. Brings the essay to a conclusion. Conclusion paragraph

  30. Introduction Background paragraph Thesis statement 1st Additional Body 2nd Additional Body 2nd Additional Body … (samgoody.com) and Tower Records (towerrecords.com). Sam Goody is the best website because of its layout, readability and quality of information. Help readers understand the topic and prepare them for the rest of the essay. Discusses the layout of the two websites. Discusses the readability of the two websites. Discusses the quality of the two websites. Brings the essay to a conclusion. Conclusion paragraph

  31. More about Background Paragraphs

  32. Background paragraph Introduction Thesis statement … (samgoody.com) and Tower Records (towerrecords.com). Sam Goody is the best website because of its layout, readability and quality of information. Background paragraphs can say many things depending upon assignment audience and data (p. 84). For example: • Define of key terms • Describe the topic • Scientific / technical information • Relevant information or research • Evidence that a problem exists • Historical information

  33. Acknowledging & Documenting Sources • Verbs of Reporting & • Three Ways to Use In-text Citations

  34. Verbs of Reporting (p. 236-7) argued claimed denied said told stated wrote etc. Person or thing + + that + noun clause

  35. Verbs of Reporting (p. 236-7) Person or thing Reporting Verb + + that + noun clause The sign at the top of the damsaid that it was constructed in 1962. The videoshowed that the overflow intake keeps the water level below the top of the dam. My friendclaims that Porcupine Reservoir is an excellent place for fishing.

  36. 3 Ways to Do In-text Citations

  37. First way... Person or thing Reporting Verb + + + that noun clause Year + In-text citation The Federal Emergency Management Agency (2008) reportsthatrecreation is one benefit of dams. The Environmental Defense Fund (2008) saysthat80,000 people worldwide had to move due to dam construction. Salen Watch (2008)claims that dam construction can lead to flooding.

  38. Person or thing + Year In-text citation Second way... + According to noun clause + According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (2008), recreation is one benefit of dams. According to the Environmental Defense Fund (2008), 80,000 people worldwide had to move due to dam construction. According to the Salen Watch (2008),dam construction can lead to flooding.

  39. Person or thing + Year In-text citation Third way... Complete sentence + Recreation is one benefit of dams (Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2008). Eighty thousand people worldwide had to move due to dam construction (Environmental Defense Fund, 2008). Dam construction can lead to flooding (Salen Watch, 2008).

  40. All three ways... Salen Watch (2008)claims that dam construction can lead to flooding. According to the Salen Watch (2008),dam construction can lead to flooding. Dam construction can lead to flooding (Salen Watch, 2008).

  41. Avoiding Plagiarism

  42. In all of your writing, you must acknowledge your sources of information through in-text citations reference lists

  43. Whose ideas/conclusions?

  44. Whose ideas/conclusions? • Topic sentence - The writer’s • Supporting sentence 1 - The writer’s • Details 1 - Madman’s • Supporting sentence 2 - The writer’s • Details 2 - Bond’s • Closing sentence -- The writer’s

  45. Why document?? • To show where your information came from.

  46. Why document? • To show where your information came from. • To avoid plagiarism.

  47. What is plagiarism?

  48. What is plagiarism? • Plagiarism is when you use the words or written ideas of others in your own writing and • 1. you do not tell your reader where the information comes from, or • 2. you pretend the information is yours.

  49. What is plagiarism? • To avoid plagiarism... • 1. Tell in your writing where the information comes from • 2. Have a reference list • Note: You must always change everything to your own words. However, even when you change to your own words, you must still tell where the information comes from.

  50. What is paraphrase?

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