The rise of russia

1. The rise of russia Saki, Riona, Nao and Yura

2. Introduction • End of Mongol Rule • Ivan the Great • Ivan the Terrible • Time of Trouble • Romanov Dynasty • Peter the Great • Catherine the Great

3. End of mongolrule in 1634

4. End of mongol rule On paper, the end of Mongol rule Is in 1368. Ivan stopped paying taxes in 1480, effectively ending Mongol presence in Russia. A far less powerful successor entity, Northern Yuan Dynasty, rules parts of Mongolia until 1634.

5. Why did it lose power? • Loss of unity • Death of Kublai Khan in 1294 • Corrupt government and administrative incompetence

6. 1400 - 1505 Ivan iii: “Ivan the Great” • The Grand Prince of Moscow • He achieves in making Moscow the center of Russian power. • He tripled the territory of his state through conquest or purchases of surrounding sovereign territories. • The laws of Moscow were written down in one geographical place in 1497.

7. 1533 - 1584 Ivan iV: “Ivan the terrible” He even “looks” scary…. The Great Prince of Moscow

8. Torture and execution Boyars: nobles Ivan sentenced thousands to internal exile. Others were killed using inhumane ways.

9. Expansion of the russian empire

10. Time of Troubles 1598 - 1613 • Peasant revolts, foreign invasion, and fights over succession devastated the Russian Empire. • Nobles became more involved with the leader’s services. • Townspeople lost the influence they had on the government. • Peasants were enslaved and lost freedom. Changes in Russian society

11. Russian orthodox church • Russian Orthodoxy is entirely separate branch of Christianity. • It shaped the development of Russian culture. • The Church is autonomous and self-governing. • The Church’s decisions were infallible.

12. Romanov dynasty comes to power • In 1613, Michael Romanov is finally named as czar. • Romanov Dynasty was founded in 1613 and lasted until the Russian Revolution of 1917.

13. 1682 - 1725 Peter I: “Peter the Great” • Ruled as Russian tsar from 1682 – 1725. • He westernized Russiaand conducted multiple political, economical and social reforms. • Peter discovered that the Russian knowledge of the outside world was limited. • He traveled to England and Netherlands to acquire new skills.

14. Clothing reform • Peter forced the Russians to adopt the ways of western Europe by enforcing the Western style dress on his boyars (the nobles) and required them to cut it off their Mongol style beards

15. St. Petersburg – “Windows to the West”

16. Government services • 1. Borrowed ideas from France. • Central bureaucracy • Local governments (under Peter’s control) • Eastern Orthodox Church (under Peter’s control) • 2.Dvorianie:a new class of nobles who were allowed to own hereditary lands in return for supporting the government.

17. Economic reforms • Peter developed a major iron industry. • Changed tax laws to increase government income and efficiency.

18. Was peter’s reforms effective? • His reforms have strengthened Russia’s role in foreign affairs. • BUT dangerous splits had formed between those who valued traditional values and those who embraced new western ways. • His rule was very undemocratic –link to authoritarian political trends?

19. Cossacks • Free men or adventurers of various ethnicities who escaped from peasantry. • Possessed extreme military skills • Expanded the Russian Empire and protected its frontier, bringing Siberia under Russian control.

21. Rise of russia

22. 1729 - 1796 Catherine II: Catherine the great • A female leader of Russia reigning from 1762 – 1796. • She achieved in expanding the Russian Empire: • Katherine released nobles from the government service. 1. Secured warm-water port on the Black Sea 2. Defeated the Ottoman Turks 3. Acquired territory from Poland

23. Спасибо!!for listening.

24. Bibliography • Prominent Russians: Ivan III the Great, Russiapedia. 2011. Retrieved on November 25th, 2012 from • http://russiapedia.rt.com/prominent-russians/the-ryurikovich-dynasty/ivan-iii-the-great/ • Ivan the Terrible, Royal Family. April 2003. Retrieved on November 25th, 2012 from • http://www.tristarmedia.com/bestofrussia/ivan.html • Of Russian origin: Cossacks, Russiapedia. 2011. Retrieved on November 25th, 2012 from • http://russiapedia.rt.com/of-russian-origin/cossacks/ • The Cossacks, History Magazine. Novermber 2011. Retrieved on November 26th, 2012 from • http://www.history-magazine.com/cossacks.html • Romanov Dynasty, Britannica. 2012. Retrieved on November 26th, 2012 from • http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/508643/Romanov-Dynasty • Eastern Orthodox Church, BBC. 2012. Retrieved on November 26th, 2012 from • http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/subdivisions/easternorthodox_1.shtml • Peter the Great Biography, Biography.com. NA. Retrieved on November 26th, 2012 from • http://www.biography.com/people/peter-the-great-9542228 • Serfdom, Britannica. 2012. Retrieved on November 26th, 2012 from • http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/535485/serfdom

25. Discussion questions • If you were a Russian citizen, would you have supported Westernization? Do you think it was beneficial for Russia to adopt western ways? • What do you think Russia would’ve been like today if the Westernization Campaign didn’t happen?