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Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln Project: A Case Study Workshop on

Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln Project: A Case Study Workshop on CDM: Opportunities in Rajasthan Jaipur 28-29 January, 2005. CONSTRUCTION SECTOR IS THE LARGEST CONTRIBUTOR TO CO 2 EMISSIONS IN INDIA. 60% of CO 2 Emissions in Construction Sector are contributed by. Cement Steel Bricks.

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Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln Project: A Case Study Workshop on

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  1. Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln Project: • A Case Study • Workshop on • CDM: Opportunities in RajasthanJaipur 28-29 January, 2005

  2. CONSTRUCTION SECTOR IS THE LARGEST CONTRIBUTOR TO CO2 EMISSIONS IN INDIA

  3. 60% of CO2 Emissions in Construction Sector are contributed by • Cement • Steel • Bricks

  4. Demand Projections of Building Materials Building material demand Cement (mt) Brick billion Steel (mt) Lime (mt) Year

  5. National Concern Majority of current technologies for burnt bricks do not meet environmental standards orSupreme Court of India directives

  6. CDM Project • Technology and Action for Rural Advancement will facilitate installation of 100 VSBKs across 3 states • TARA will provide the technology and existing kiln owners the finance

  7. CDM Project - Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln Technology Description Multiple Shaft VSBK with individual shafts upto 1.25m X 2m size Operation Continuous mode Production Capacity 10000 to 40,000 per day Fuel Pulverized coal, lignite pellets Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Drastic reduction in fossil fuel use (upto 60%)

  8. Schematic Diagram of VSBK

  9. Baseline • Movable Chimney Bull Trench Kilns banned by the Supreme Court • Fixed Chimney BTK is an option but involves higher capital investments • Most MCBTKs still operating due to less enforcement and lack of alternative options • Continuation with MCBTKs is therefore the baseline scenario

  10. Energy Consumption in Brick Production Clamps = 4.5 to 8.0 MJ / Brick Movable Chimney = 4.2 MJ / Brick(BTK) VSBK = 1.80 MJ/ Brick

  11. Baseline Calculations Energy baseline: • Specific Energy Consumption using MCBTK = 4.4 * 10-6 Tj/ brick • Total Number of bricks produced in 70 kilns = 70 kilns * 20,00,000 bricks/ kiln = 140,000,000 • Total Energy Consumption = Specific Energy Consumption * Total Bricks produced = 4.4 * 10-6 * 140,000,000 = 616 Tj • Carbon Emission Factor (CEF) for bituminous coal = 25.8 tonnes of carbon per Terajoule Emissions baseline= Total Energy Consumption * CEF = 616 Tj * 25.8 t C/ Tj = 15892.8 t C

  12. Additionality • Identification of alternatives • Continue their existing operation with MCBTKs (not legal) • Replace MCBTKs by Clamp Kilns (not profitable) • Replace MCBTKs by Fixed Chimney BTKs • Replace MCBTKs by VSBK.

  13. Additionality • Investment Analysis • IRR for Fixed Chimney BTK: 34% • IRR for VSBK: 24%

  14. Additionality • Barrier Analysis • Investment Barrier : Existing kiln owners used to cash requirements of Rs. 20 lakh per annum.In VSBK double is required • Technological Barrier • Reluctance to adopt a new technology • Service infrastructure not yet in place • Require more trained manpower

  15. Additionality • Impact of CDM Registration • Increases IRR for entrepreneues to 29% • Bridges the financing gap for TARA to undertake the project • Helps alleviating other barriers

  16. Sustainable Development

  17. Thank you!

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