Basic Program Logic

1. Basic Program Logic RESOURCES/INPUTS The ingredients you need to implement your program! YOUR PROGRAM What you do to achieve your departmental goals! RESULTS/IMPACT Why you are in Business! Source: Excerpt from Tom Grayson, 2008 NASPA Pre-Conference Workshop, Using Logic Models for Identifying Program Goals and Student Learning Outcomes

2. Another View: A Series ofIf-then Statements Resources Activities Outputs Outcomes Ifyou have access to those resources, then you can implement your program activities. If you can accomplish those activities, then you will have delivered the services you planned. If you have delivered the services as planned, then your targets (clients or communities) have changed. This is why the program exists. You need certain resources to run your program.

3. What is a program’s logic? • A program’s logic tells a story about how the program works. It provides a logical sequence that explains what you are doing and what you expect the outcomes of the program to be. • A program’s logic shows how program components are related and lead to desired outcomes. That is, it connects program resources to program activities, and program activities to program outcomes. • Logic models help build common understandings (team work) about how your program works, for whom the program is intended, and what it is trying to accomplish.

4. A Program’s Logic Inputs Program Outcomes - Impact Situation What we invest Staff Volunteers Time Money Material Equipment Technology Partners What we do Workshops Meetings Facilitation Product Dev. Training Curriculum Who we reach Students Clients Customers Expect to see Like to see Love to see (Learning) Awareness Knowledge Attitudes Skills Opinions Aspirations Motivations (Action) Behavior Practice Decisions Policies (Conditions) Social Economic Civil Environmental Environment (Influential Factors)

5. Elements of a Program’s Logic • Resources/Inputs: Programmatic investments available to support the program. These are the resources you need to implement the program. • Activities: Things you do – activities you plan to conduct in your program. That is, what the program needs to do to produce its deliverables or outputs. • Outputs/Workload: The deliverables, e.g., the actual product or service you create and deliver. Outputs are usually expressed in quantitative terms. • Customers:Users of the products/services. The customer is the target audience the program is designed to reach. • Outcomes: Changes or benefits resulting from activities and outputs. That is, outcomes are the changes your program brings about (intended & unintended). Expect to see outcomes – Changes in knowledge, skills, attitude Like to see outcomes – Changes in behavior, practice or decisions Love to see outcomes – Changes in conditions (impact) • Contextual Influences: Factors, e.g., social, political, economic, historical, environmental, that will influence change in the affected community.

6. Programs focus on outcomes! Outcomes are defined as the changes in the behaviors, relationships, activities, or actions of people (e.g., knowledge, skills and attitudes) as a result of the program’s effort and influence. These changes in behaviors, relationships, activities, or actions of people can lead to changes in conditions (environmental, social, civic, economic, educational, political) Reference: Earl, S., Carden, F., & Smutylo, T. (2001). Outcome Mapping: Building learning and reflection into development programs. IDRC

7. Performance Measurement

8. Four Quadrants of Performance Measures Quantity Quality How welldid we do it? How much did we do? How hard did we try? Effect Effort What is thequality of change? How much change? Is anyone better off?

9. Program Performance Measures Quantity Quality How welldid we deliver it? What and how much service did we deliver? Effect Effort How much change / effect did we bring about? What is the quality of change / effect we brought about?