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Chemical Bonding & Isomers. Pages 181 - 191. Recall the petroleum refining…. What is this next slide a diagram of?. What are intermolecular forces?. Page 181. The larger the hydrocarbon molecules, the _______________, the intermolecular force.
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Chemical Bonding & Isomers Pages 181 - 191
Recall the petroleum refining….What is this next slide a diagram of?
The larger the hydrocarbon molecules, the _______________, the intermolecular force. The larger the hydrocarbon molecules, the STRONGERthe intermolecular force.
The larger the hydrocarbon molecules, the _______________, the boiling point. The larger the hydrocarbon molecules, the HIGHERthe boiling point.
Do you remember why atoms are attracted to other atoms? How many valence electrons does a C atom have?
Ions and Ionic bonding • From pages 32 - 34
If an atom of Mg became an ion, • How does its electron structure change? • What would be its charge? • What would it be classified as?
If an atom of F became an ion, • How its electron structure change? • What would be its charge? • What would it be classified as?
Chemical Bonding • Organic chemistry – study of hydrocarbons and their derivatives • Hydrocarbons – composed of carbon chains (backbone) with H atoms attached to remaining bonding sites
Chemical Bonding • Electron-dot formulas • Each dot represents 1 valence e- • Dots placed between chem symbols represent electrons shared by atoms
Single covalent bond – a pair of electrons are shared between two atoms Ex) methane CH4 Carbon has 4 valence e- 4 H each have 1 valence e-
Structural formulas • A line can be used to represent a pair of shared e- • Remember – molecules are not 2-dimensional
Alkanes • Alkanes - Simple hydrocarbon family • Each C forms single covalent bonds w/ 4 other atoms • Because each C atom is bonded to the maximum # of other atoms, it is said to be saturated
Alkanes • Straight-chainalkane – each C is linked to only 1 or 2 other C atoms
Alkanes • Branched-chainalkane – 1 or more C are linked to 3 or 4 other C atoms
Isomers - molecules with identical chemical formulas but different structural formulas Ex) octane C8H18
Isomers and Boiling Point Q. Which isomer would have the lowest boiling point temperature?
Isomers and Boiling Point • The molecule on the right… branchedshaped decreases surface area which results in weaker intermolecular forces. This makes it easier for the molecules to evaporate.
