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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013

Explore African private sector success factors, economic growth, firm strategies, and market conditions in Kenya, Tanzania, and Zambia at the SAFIC Joint Workshop no. 2.

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SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013

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  1. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 SAFIC Project Coordinator Soeren Jeppesen, Assoc. Prof., CBS Welcome

  2. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Livingstone 26-28 February 2013 Project/workshop ground rules: Workshops • Focus on presenters & activities • Mobiles off • Laptops only when typing

  3. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Program: 1st day (Tuesday 26th Feb 2013): Results 2012, Country Background papers/reports, Theoretical framework/Indicators/survey & Socialising 2nd day (Wednesday 27th Feb 2013): Theoretical framework etc (part II) and PhDs 3rd day (Thursday 28th Feb 2013): Country plans, The year 2013, Practicalities & Viewing the Falls

  4. SAFIC – Program – Day 1 (26 Feb 2013) • Results (Overall and by teams) • Break • Country Background Papers/reports & what have we learnt, including lunch & Break • Theoretical framework/Indicators of ‘success’ and the survey instrument (part 1) • Dinner

  5. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 –Practicalities: * Food (breakfast, lunch and dinner at Crossroads Lodge) * Internet (…., password: …..) * Any other questions, ask us (Douglas, Godfrey and local team)

  6. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Project aims, objectives and outputs: To refresh our minds  Aims: * To investigate how and why African firms are able to be successful in changing business and institutional environments

  7. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Aims (2): (LFA-version) To contribute to enhanced understanding of economic growth and employment through new knowledge on firm development in the African private sector

  8. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Objectives: * To identify strategies that lead to sustained firm performance, and * To seek to explain the firm’s success by looking at the interface between firm internal factors (resources and capabilities) and firms external factors (market structures and institutions – formal and informal)

  9. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Objectives (2): (LFA version): * To understand the origins of local firms’ success in Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia * as a means to inform firm strategies and economic development policy in these countries

  10. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Objectives (Key research question): * How and why certain local firms in the three countries manage to grow with different degrees of success under changing conditions and often volatile market and institutional conditions?

  11. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Outputs: Academic: * 20 working & conf. papers * 20 journal articles * 3 country background reports * 1 book (selection of case studies) * 1 post-doc; 5 PhD theses; 21 Master theses * Workshops (13) and Conferences (2)

  12. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Outputs (2): Policy: * Press releases * Policy briefs, at least 5 * 4 Policy/stakeholder workshops * Interaction with stakeholders

  13. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Results for 2012 What did we achieve in our first year? A lot! • Teams in place • 5 PhDs enrolled & started • 2 Associate Professors • Web site • Administrative procedures!

  14. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Results for 2012 (2) • Joint plus country team workshops • Mapping underway (into the field – organisations/institutions and firms) • Country Background Papers/Reports on the way • First draft paper/publication • Master thesis students started

  15. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Results for 2012 (3) The team results/outputs • Tanzania • Zambia • Kenya

  16. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Plans and output for 2013: • CBPs completed • Survey undertaken • Case firms selected and interviewed (first time) • PhDs moved further • Master thesis students – more • 2012 Annual report and accounts

  17. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Plans and output for 2013: • Workshops (one joint plus team/field workshops) • Update web (teams and PhDs) • Working and conference papers? • Journal articles? • Initiate discussion of ‘case format’ – what is a case study? And what does a ‘case’ for teaching entail?

  18. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Country Background Papers Presentation of CBPs/CBRs: • Key findings • Learnings, and • Reflections for the upcoming field work and the conceptual parts

  19. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Country Background Papers Presentation of CBPs/CBRs: • Kenyan team • Tanzanian team, and • Zambian team • 20 minutes for presentation • 10 minutes for comments

  20. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical framework, indicators and survey Overall issue: • Need refinement of analytical framework (key concepts and their relationship) • Experiences and reflections • Theoretical considerations • Survey instrument (content)

  21. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Reflections on cross-cutting issues Methodological/empirical learnings – for the project? * Challenges in the field? * Timing & Content of survey * (and later case studies) * Use of existing data (World Bank and other)?

  22. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical framework, indicators and survey Theoretical considerations: Which main theories and concepts to use? Implications for the analytical framework(s)?

  23. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (2) Main theories and concepts: Firm Market Institutions

  24. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (3) Firm level: Resource based theories Resources Capabilities (static, dynamic) Success (performance) Strategies

  25. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (4) Institutions: Institutional theory State-business-relations Formal and informal

  26. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (5) Markets (market institutions): * Macro economic conditions * Trade * Industry (global, regional, local) * Competitors Not to be theorised – for granted!

  27. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (6) Assumptions: A. Critical regarding usage of theories and concepts B. Some to be dealt with in survey, Other wait until case studies C. Common core (comparison) - with room for individual wishes

  28. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (7) • Critical regarding usage of theories and concepts • Keep it simple and practical ‘Resources and capabilities’ • Not ‘dynamic capabilities’ and • Not ‘ sustained performance /competitive advantages’

  29. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (7) • Critical regarding usage of theories and concepts • Translate into what we will ask for in the field ‘Resources’ - Physical - Human, and - Financial

  30. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (8) Translate into what we will ask for in the field ‘Capabilities’ - How are organisational practices carried out? - What do they do in the firm (selected areas)? - Changes in this over time?

  31. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (9) ‘Success’ (performance) - Which indicators? - Financial and non-financial? 1) Financial 2) Market 3) Managerial 4) Human Resources, and 5) Technological/innovation?

  32. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (10) ‘Success’ (performance) - Missing the institutions 6) No of & level of contacts to government 7) Involvement in business associations 8) Knowledge on regulations (local and global)?

  33. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (11) ‘Strategies’ • Identification of strategies • Which strategies seem to be more or less successful? * Over time * In certain sectors, and/or * Under certain conditions

  34. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (12) Institutional theory • Influence of formal and informal institutions on firm strategies

  35. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (13) Institutional theory Formal: * Infrastructure? * Government (ministries) & regulations Informal: * Norms, values and culture * Trust and relationships

  36. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (14) State-Business-relations: Formal: * To ministries (decision makers) – From ministries * Directly or indirectly Informal: * Relationships, networks and ties (personal, clan, religion)

  37. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (15) Analytical framework: Firm level * Resources * Capabilities * Performance (or indicators)

  38. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (16) Analytical framework: Influence of institutions and markets Leading to: A) Identification and B) analysis of 1) strategies and 2) degrees of success

  39. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Theoretical considerations (16) Analytical framework: Influence of institutions and markets Leading to: A) Identification and B) analysis of 1) strategies and 2) degrees of success

  40. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Survey (and case studies) Methodological implications: Different steps • Survey • Case studies • Analysis of strategies and degrees of success (- Over time etc)

  41. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Survey (and case studies) Methodological implications: • Survey We focus on certain data Patterns and overview Selection of cases

  42. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Survey (and case studies) • Survey Limitations: * Changes of time * Causal relations * ‘Superficial’

  43. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Program 2nd Day (Wednesday 27th Feb) • Further on theoretical framework, indicators and survey • PhDs • (Master theses – Thursday) • The Falls … • With breaks, lunch and dinner!

  44. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Program (Day 2) Further on • Theoretical framework • Indicators, and • Survey

  45. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Program (Day 2) Summary Day 1: • Theoretical framework * Firm (resources, capabilities, success /performance & strategies) * Institutions * Markets

  46. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Program (Day 2) Summary Day 1: • Indicators * Financial and * Non-financial * Balance the ‘ideal’ with the ‘realistic’ (time for & can get from firms and other respondents)

  47. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Program (Day 2) Summary Day 1: • Survey * Merge input from Goodluck and Kenya/PK with input from Peter K * Common core (generic) * Individual (sector and/or country)

  48. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Program (Day 2) Summary Day 1: • Survey * Clarify understanding of agroprocessing and/or agrobusiness * See T-CBP, p. 7

  49. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Program (Day 2) Summary Day 1: • Survey * Align sub-sectors in three countries

  50. SAFIC Joint Workshop no 2 – Summary Day 1 (survey) Countries: Sub-sectors Tanzania: Dairy, Grain Milling, edible oils, horticulture, fish- processing Kenya: Grain Milling, Dairy, Horticulture, Juices, Sauces and Jams, and Snacks Zambia: Grain Milling, Horticulture, Dairy, Meat, Sauces and Jams, Juices?, Edible oils? Joint: Grain Milling, Horticulture, Sauces and Jams (Edible Oils?)

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