Warm Up #15

1. Warm Up #15 • Answer in complete sentences • What was the last “official” crusade to the Holy Land and how did it end? • Why did European and Muslim rulers expel Jews from their territories?

2. The Reconquista How this movement propelled Spain into the New World and beyond

3. Key Terms • Al-Andalus • Iberian Peninsula • Moors • Christian Kingdoms • Taifa Kingdoms • Fueros • Ferdinand and Isabella • Spanish Inquisition

4. Mr. Morrow, Monday was a long time ago, what did we learn again? • The Crusades and the Mongol invasion was halted by the Mamluks, who were the Islamic culture based in Egypt. • The Hapsburg family gains control of Central Europe, where they will dominate politics until World War One.

5. The Reconquista in 5 Slides! • In 711 the Muslim Moors invaded the Visigothic Kingdom in Iberia. • In 722 the remnant Christian soldiers regrouped in Asturias and started a campaign to reclaim their lands. • In 732 Charles Martel defeated the Moors at the battle of Tours, halting their advance into Europe. • By 1236 half of the Iberian peninsula had been retaken by the Christian kingdoms.

6. Why? • At first the Christians were simply fighting to remain independent • Over time they developed a desire to remove all non-Christians from Iberia • This coincided and perhaps inspired the Crusader movement in Europe • The Spanish Inquisition became a particularly cruel expression of the Christian desire to rid the peninsula of “heretics”, which included the Muslims and Jews.

7. Who? • The Muslim Moors were initially Berbers from North Africa, but over time many native Iberians converted. • Eventually the Berbers returned home due to feelings of discrimination from the natives. • The Muslims formed several independent states called the Taifa Kingdoms • The Christians were initially Visigoths and Basques. • Over time they brought in mercenaries, mainly Franks and Normans. • They began as both independent Kingdoms and vassal duchies of the Frankish Empire. • They eventually consolidated into Spain and Portugal.

8. What about the little people? • The Reconquista caused many converted Muslims to move south, abandoning lands in the North. • The Christians used this opportunity to populate these abandoned areas with peasants from Europe. • These peasants were able to leave behind the Feudal System. • The towns that they settled were known as Fueros and were given charters that established their independence.

9. How did it all end? • Over time the Muslims were driven into the Emirate of Grenada in Southeastern Iberia. • In 1492, Ferdinand and Isabella, who were the King and Queen of Aragon and Castille (two of the Christian Kingdoms) defeated the Muslims and drove them from Iberia • As part of their celebration of victory they sponsored Christopher Columbus’ voyage that would (re)discover the Americas • The Spanish and Portuguese conquest of the Americas was driven by their 700 plus years of Reconquest.

10. Reconquista Comic Strip • Due on Friday 2/1/2013 • Be Original • You can do a small part of the reconquista, an idea about the reconquista or a broader view of the whole affair. • Yes, it needs to be outlined. • Yes, it should be in color and in fact you will receive extra credit if you do. • No, you cannot do stick figures.