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67 yom presents after syncope (while going to restroom). Mild dyspnea, no CP, BP 110/70. ECG findings. Sinus tachycardia with frequent PACs Right axis : net QRS is (-) in lead I; QRS is closest to equiphasic in lead aVF axis close to +180 degrees RAE (by lead II and lead V1 criteria)
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67 yom presents after syncope (while going to restroom). Mild dyspnea, no CP, BP 110/70
ECG findings • Sinus tachycardia with frequent PACs • Right axis : net QRS is (-) in lead I; QRS is closest to equiphasic in lead aVF axis close to +180 degrees • RAE (by lead II and lead V1 criteria) • S>R in V6 + Right axis deviation RVH • S1Q3T3 c/w right axis (big S in lead I) and RVH • T inversion in V1-V3: ddx: anterior ischemia vs RV strain Final dx: PE with signs of RV/RA overload
How to assess QRS axis? 1st step: Look in leads I and aVf, and potentially in lead II if needed 2nd step (not very important for residents): See where QRS is closest to isoelectric, the axis is 90 degrees perpendicular to it in the corresponding quadrant
RV enlargement leads to increased R wave height in the right-sided lead V1 and increased S wave in the left-sided lead V6