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Newtonian Physics

Newtonian Physics . Laws of Motion. Force, Mass and Inertia. FORCE Force is needed to change motion. There can be no change in an object’s motion without the presence of a Force. Forces can increase or decrease the motion of an object Forces can cause a change in direction Mass

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Newtonian Physics

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  1. Newtonian Physics Laws of Motion

  2. Force, Mass and Inertia • FORCE • Force is needed to change motion. • There can be no change in an object’s motion without the presence of a Force. • Forces can increase or decrease the motion of an object • Forces can cause a change in direction • Mass • Mass creates Inertia • Objects with greater mass have greater inertia, or resistance to a change in their motion.

  3. Units of Force • The NEWTON is the Metric unit used to express force • 1 Newton is needed to cause 1 Kg to speed up by 1 m/sec (Units for math problems need to be meters and Kg) • The Newton is smaller than a pound of force • 4.448 N to 1 Pound

  4. Net Force • Forces act together in nature • Adding the forces that are acting on an object is very different than just adding the numbers • Forces act in certain directions, and the Net Force is the result

  5. Balanced and Unbalanced Forces

  6. Newton’s First Law • Considered the Law of Inertia • An object in motion will remain in motion, an object at rest will remain at rest, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. • Balanced forces result in no movement/motion • Inertia:An object’s resistance to a change in its motion

  7. 1. What is the force that will stop an object that is rolling across the floor? 2. Describe how to find the Net Force acting on an object. 3. What are the units for force?

  8. Friction: • Friction is a force between objects that are sliding past one another. • Friction creates the following: • Heat • Wear and tear on an object • Decrease in speed

  9. Newton’s Second Law • Newton’s first law states force is needed to change an object’s motion. • Newton’s Second Law addresses and explains that change in motion. • The change in motion is called Acceleration • Acceleration: The rate of change in an object’s speed. • Units for Acceleration are m/sec2

  10. Solve these problems • If a car increases its speed from rest to 40 miles per hour, and it takes 5 seconds to do so, what is its acceleration? • If a car changes its speed from 60 miles per hour to 20 miles per hour in 4 seconds, what is its rate of acceleration?

  11. Try another!! • A car accelerates at a rate of 5 m/sec/sec for 6 seconds. It started at a velocity of 10 m/sec, what is its final velocity?

  12. Force, Mass and Acceleration • Newton’s Second law also describes the relationship between Acceleration and the Net Force on that object or Acceleration and the Mass of that object.

  13. Relationships Acceleration is directly/positively related to Net Force Acceleration is inversely related to Mass

  14. What is the difference between Acceleration and Velocity?

  15. Acceleration-Force-Mass

  16. Solve the following • If a 2000kg car has an acceleration of 15m/sec/sec, what was the force required to do so? • A 20 N force was applied to a 100 kg box, what acceleration resulted?

  17. Applying Newton’s Second Law To use Newton’s second law properly, keep the following important ideas in mind. They are a good guideline for how to apply the second law to physics problems. 1. The net force is what causes acceleration. 2. If there is no acceleration, the net force must be zero. 3. If there is acceleration, there must also be a net force. 4. The force unit of Newtonsis based on kilograms, meters, and seconds.

  18. What are the 2 different mathematical formulas that are going to be used when working with Newton’s Second Law? What does Newton’s Second Law address/explain.

  19. Acceleration and Gravity The acceleration of objects that are dropped, is a constant rate. That rate is the acceleration due to gravity, (g) The value of (g) is 9.8 m/sec/sec Acceleration Due to Gravity

  20. If the acceleration of objects in free fall is the same no matter what, then why does a feather take longer to fall than a baseball?

  21. How Do We Calculate Free Fall • The speed is equal to the acceleration of gravity multiplied by the time that it took for the object to fall

  22. Solve the Following: • What is the speed of a rock, dropped from a bridge, that falls for 5 seconds?

  23. Upward Launches • When you drop an object it will accelerate at 9.8 m/sec/sec due to the downward force of gravity. What happens if you throw an object up into the air?

  24. The object will decelerate on its way up, stop for an instant and then accelerate as it falls to the ground • It will decelerate at a rate of 9.8 m/sec/sec until it reaches the top + Sign means moving upward - Sign means moving downward

  25. An object is thrown up into the air and when it lands its speed was 29.4 m/sec. 1. How long was the object in the air? 2. Set up a chart of the object’s speed from start to finish. Draw a picture to help if necessary

  26. Distance With Acceleration When an object has constant speed, the distance is easy to calculate: d = vt The problem is when an object is in acceleration, the speed is changing and the distance becomes difficulty to predict. The formula to use is: d

  27. Free Fall Distance When an object is in free fall, you use (g) as your acceleration d = g

  28. \ • Before we go on, solve the following problem! A rock falls of a cliff and splashes into a river 5 seconds later, how far did it fall?

  29. Air Resistance • Earlier in this unit we said that forces do not act alone • Gravity is NOT the only force acting on an object that is in “Free Fall” • Air exerts an an additional force on the object falling

  30. Air Resistance and Terminal Velocity • The size and shape of an object affect the force of air resistance • A feather has its weight spread out over a larger surface area • Shape of the object is also a factor in the ease of falling objects • Objects will stop accelerating at a certain point and proceed to fall at a constant speed. • Terminal velocity is a ratio of an object’s weight to its air resistance. • When the net force becomes zero, the object has reached terminal velocity

  31. The force of gravity is equal to the force of air resistance Net force of gravity is the object’s mass x strength of gravity (9.8 N/kg)

  32. Answer this question! A falling object reaches terminal velocity when the force of gravity is balanced by the force of air resistance. Explain this fact as it relates to Newton’s first and second laws.

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