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Chemical Bonds

Chemical Bonds. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGA8sRwqIFg. Types of Chemical Bonds. Ionic bonds are the electrostatic forces that exist between ions of opposite charges Ions are formed electrons are transferred from one atom to another

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Chemical Bonds

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  1. Chemical Bonds • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGA8sRwqIFg

  2. Types of Chemical Bonds • Ionic bonds are the electrostatic forces that exist between ions of opposite charges • Ions are formed • electrons are transferred from one atom to another • Covalent bonds result from the sharing of one or more electrons between two atoms • Metallic bonds are found in metals

  3. Why do Atoms interact? • Octet Rule • Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to attain a noble gas electron configuration • This configuration is especially stable • all noble gases, except He, have 8 valence electrons • atoms attaining a noble gas configuration is known as the octet rule • there are many exceptions to the octet rule but it is still a useful guideline

  4. Practice—Write the Lewis Symbol for Arsenic. • Write the atomic symbol for the element • As • Determine the number of valence electrons • As is in column 5A, therefore it has 5 valence electrons. • Put dots around the atomic symbol one at a time to represent electrons

  5. Lewis Symbols of the Period 2 Elements

  6. Metals Gain Electrons • Metals lose electrons to be like the nearest noble gas. (These are the atoms on the right side of the periodic table). • The atom that has lost electrons now has fewer electrons than protons, so it has a positive charge. • Ions with positive charge are called “cations.”

  7. Nonmetals Lose Electrons • Nonmetals gain electrons to be like the nearest noble gas. (These are the atoms on the left side of the periodic table) •  The atom that has gained electrons now has more electrons than protons, so it has a negative charge. • All atoms that have any charge on them are called “ions.” • Ions with negative charge are called “anions.”

  8. Forming Compounds • Nonmetals lose electrons to be like the nearest noble gas. (These are the atoms on the left side of the periodic table) •  The atom that has gained electrons now has more electrons than protons, so it has a negative charge. • All atoms that have any charge on them are called “ions.” • Ions with negative charge are called “anions.” • Sometimes a charge is called the oxidation state.

  9. Writing Ionic Formulas 1. Write the formulas of the cations and anions next to each other (with charges) 2. Drop and Swap writing with cation first 3. Reduce to smallest ratios Do not write “1”

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