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AP Review Session Part II. Specific Countries. Italy. Italian Renaissance City States New Elites Medici Decline Pawns and Papacy Risorgimento Unification of Italy Cavour and Garibaldi Italian Fascism. Germany. Holy Roman Empire Lutheran Reformation Peasant Revolts & Religious Wars
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AP Review Session Part II Specific Countries
Italy • Italian Renaissance • City States • New Elites • Medici • Decline • Pawns and Papacy • Risorgimento • Unification of Italy • Cavour and Garibaldi • Italian Fascism
Germany • Holy Roman Empire • Lutheran Reformation • Peasant Revolts & Religious Wars • Thirty Years War & Westphalia • Austrian politics-Hapsburgs • German Power-Struggle • Austria & Prussia • Magyar Problem • Confederation of Rhine and German Confederation • Metternich System • Unification of Germany • Bismarck & Weltpolitik • German War Machine • Nazism • Divided & Re-united Germany • Adenauer & Brandt • GDR
Spain • Catholic Bulwark • Expulsion of Moors and New Monarchs (Ferdinand & Isabella) • Philip II • Netherlands Revolt • English Menace • Waning Golden Age & War of Spanish Succession • Loss of Spanish Empire and Foreign Domination • Napoleonic impact, Metternich • Latin America revolutions • Spanish Civil War & Franco
Russia • Peter the Great& Westernizing • Domestic • Foreign-Baltic Sea • Catherine the Great • Domestic • Foreign-Black Sea & Turks • Last Romanovs • Upheavals & Turkish Problems • Alexander I and Holy Alliance • Nicholas I, Alexander III, Nicholas II and Autocracy • Alexander II’s attempts at Liberalization • Russo-Japanese War & Revolution of 1917 • 1917 Revolution • Civil War, Leninism & Birth of Soviet Union • Stalinism • Cold War Politics (Khrushchev and Brezhnev) • Gorbachev and New Thinking (Glasnost & Perestroika) • Collapse of Soviet Union
France • Valois Boy Kings and Civil War • Henry IV, Richelieu and beginnings of Absolutism • Sun King • Domestic • Louis’ Wars • Bubble Crisis and Stagnation • French Revolution • 1789-1792 • 1792-1795 • Napoleon and Congress of Vienna • 19th century Political & Social See-Saw • 1830 and 1848 Revolutions • Bonapartism • 3rd Republic • Vichy France • 4th and 5th Republic and DeGaulle
Great Britain • Tudors • Henry VII and New Monarchy • Henry VIII and Act of Supremacy • Elizabeth and Anglicanism • Stuarts • Civil War and Constitutionalism • Whigs and Tories and Parliamentary Ascendency • Industrial Revolution • Liberal and Conservative Struggles • Victorian Britain • Constitutional Welfare State • Rise of Labour • Labour-Conservative Struggle
Regional Developments • Western Europe • Dutch Republic • Revolt & Commercial Revolution • Balance of Power Politics • Hapsburgs • Britain vs France vs Germany vs US vs Europe • Road to the European Union • Eastern Europe • Declining Empires & Power Vacuum • Rise of Austria, Prussia, Russia • Partitions and Power Shifts • Soviet Eastern Bloc • Collapse of Communism and Rise of Democracy