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EPI 5240: Introduction to Epidemiology Mortality in Canada: trends and causes November 2, 2009

EPI 5240: Introduction to Epidemiology Mortality in Canada: trends and causes November 2, 2009. Dr. N. Birkett, Department of Epidemiology & Community Medicine, University of Ottawa. Section Overview. What are the leading causes of death in Canada?

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EPI 5240: Introduction to Epidemiology Mortality in Canada: trends and causes November 2, 2009

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  1. EPI 5240:Introduction to Epidemiology Mortality in Canada: trends and causesNovember 2, 2009 Dr. N. Birkett, Department of Epidemiology & Community Medicine, University of Ottawa

  2. Section Overview • What are the leading causes of death in Canada? • What are the trends in mortality in Canada? • Is there more than one way to assess the relative ‘importance’ of different causes of death? 2

  3. Outcome measures (1) • Mortality • Number of deaths (not that useful) • Crude rates • Age-standardized rates • Controls for the aging population (more on Friday) • Incidence • Other than cancer, not much available • Other measures • PYLLs (Potential-years of life lost) 3

  4. Outcome measures (2) • PYLLs • Standard mortality measures ignore the age of death • Our society ‘values’ a death of a child ‘more’ than the death of an older person • PYLL’s weight deaths by the age they occur to show impact in a different way. • Generally, PYLLs rate acute illnesses and injuries, to younger people, as more important than chronic diseases 4

  5. Outcome measures (3) • PYLLs • For each death, establish the ‘expected’ age at death • Life expectancy • A fixed age (e.g. 75) [The most common approach] • Determine how many years of life have been ‘lost’ due to the death • Sum up over all deaths. • Died at age 30  75-30 = 45 PYLL’s 5

  6. Mortality in General Source: Statistics Canada

  7. # deaths in Canada from 1979-2004; men and women. 7

  8. Mortality RATES in Canada from 1979-2004; men and women. 8

  9. CANCER: 30.3% Circ Disease: 27.6% †† † † Pneumonia & influenza grouped with respiratory disease. Would increase infectious % to about 3.4%. 9

  10. CANCER: 29.8% Circ Disease: 29.0% † † † Pneumonia & influenza grouped with respiratory disease. Would increase infectious % to about 3.5%. 10

  11. CANCER: 31.6% Circ Disease: 27.3% † † † Pneumonia & influenza grouped with respiratory disease. Would increase infectious % to about 3.3%. 11

  12. Sex ratio (M/F) in Canada from 1979-2004. 12

  13. CHD and cancer deaths in Canada from 1979-2004. % of death due to each group of causes. 13

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  17. Leading Causes of death by age 17

  18. Leading Causes of death by age 18

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  20. Age/cause specific proportional mortality; age 0-39. Canada, 2001 20

  21. Age/cause specific proportional mortality; age 40+. Canada, 2001 21

  22. Leading Causes of death, sex 22

  23. Leading Causes of death, sex 23

  24. Leading Causes of death, sex 24

  25. Leading Causes of death, sex 25

  26. 26

  27. Age/cause specific proportional mortality; age 0-39. MALES only. Canada, 2001 27

  28. Age/cause specific proportional mortality; age 40+. MALES only. Canada, 2001 28

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  30. Age/cause specific proportional mortality; age 0-39. FEMALES only. Canada, 2001 30

  31. Age/cause specific proportional mortality; age 40+. FEMALES only. Canada, 2001 31

  32. Proportional mortality, age 1-39, Canada, 2001 MALES FEMALES 32

  33. Proportional mortality, age 40+, Canada, 2001 MALES FEMALES 33

  34. PYLL’s for various conditions, 2001 37

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  37. 13/7/2008 40

  38. 13/7/2008 41

  39. Injury Mortality and Incidence Source: PHAC URL: http://dsol-smed.phac-aspc.gc.ca/dsol-smed/is-sb/c_ind_e.html

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  42. 45

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  45. 48

  46. Sex-specific Injury Mortality, Canada, 2004 49

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