1 / 34

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS. CHAPTER 15. What is Epidemiology?. Table 33-1. Epidemiology. What is Epidemiology? Etiology Incidence Prevalence. causation. a/a+b. Epidemiological Terms. Morbidity Mortality. Figure 33-6. Endemic Epidemic. Pandemic Sporadic.

iria
Download Presentation

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS CHAPTER 15

  2. What is Epidemiology?

  3. Table 33-1

  4. Epidemiology • What is Epidemiology? • Etiology • Incidence • Prevalence causation a/a+b

  5. Epidemiological Terms • Morbidity • Mortality

  6. Figure 33-6

  7. Endemic Epidemic Pandemic Sporadic Diseases in Populations

  8. Figure 33-2

  9. Incidence Types

  10. Common Source Outbreak Propagated Epidemic Disease Spread

  11. Epidemiologic Studies • Descriptive • Analytical • Experimental

  12. The Basic Triad Of Descriptive Epidemiology THE THREE ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DISEASE WE LOOK FOR IN DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY: • TIME • PLACE • PERSON

  13. Time • Changing or stable? • Seasonal variation. • Clustered (epidemic) or evenly distributed (endemic)? • Point source or propagated.

  14. Place • Geographically restricted or widespread (pandemic)?   • Relation to water or food supply.   • Multiple clusters or one?

  15. Person • Age • Socio-economic status • Gender • Ethnicity/Race • Behavior

  16. The Basic Triad Of Analytic Epidemiology THE THREE PHENOMENAASSESSED IN ANALYTIC EPIDEMIOLOGY ARE: HOST AGENT ENVIRONMENT

  17. Agents • Nutrients • Poisons • Allergens • Radiation • Physical trauma • Microbes • Psychological experiences

  18. Host Factors • Genetic endowment • Immunologic state • Age • Personal behavior

  19. Environment • Crowding • Atmosphere • Modes of communication – phenomena in the environment that bring host and agent together, such as: • Vector • Vehicle • Reservoir

  20. Infection Reservoirs • Human • Animal • Non-living

  21. Portals of Entry Microbe Spread

  22. Portals of Exit Microbe Spread

  23. Modes of Disease Transmission • Contact • Vehicles • Vectors

  24. Problems in Disease Transmission • Disease Cycles • Herd Immunity

  25. Controlling Disease Transmission • Biosafety

  26. Public Health Organizations • Center for Disease Control (CDC) • World Health Organization (WHO)

  27. Notifiable Diseases • Definition: • Nationally Notifiable Infectious Diseases

  28. Nosocomial Infections • Sources

  29. Nosocomial Infection Risks • Susceptibility • Transmission • Universal Precautions

  30. Blood- stream infections 14% Figure 33-9 Other 17% Surgical site infections 22% Urinary tract infections 32% Pneumonia 15%

  31. Risks • Equipment/Procedures • Sites of Infection

  32. Bioterrorism

  33. Anthrax

  34. Smallpox

More Related