Regents Review – Progressive Movement

1. Regents Review – Progressive Movement Quiz on Immigration HW: Page 173-177 in Review Book Test on Friday

2. Agrarian Movement • Problems for farmers – overproduction, high railroad costs, natural disasters and indebtedness.

3. Populists • Represented laborers, farmers, and industrialists against railroads and banks. • Wanted – 1 term President, graduated income tax, government ownership of railroads, telephones, telegraphs, direct election of Senators, restriced immigration. • Actually passed - graduated income tax, direct election of Senators, secret ballot • Gave rise to 3rd party movement

4. Grangers • Organization of farmers • Purpose – break up rural isolation and spread info about new farming techniques. • Formed cooperatives which bought machinery and fertilizers – failed. • Elected candidates to state legislature. Favored regulating railroads. • Munn v. Illinois – State government can regulate RR. Wabash v. Illinois – reversed.

5. Progressive Goals • Correct political and economic injustices that resulted from industrialization. • Government should correct evils. • Felt government was corrupted by big business and political bosses.

6. Famous Muckrakers • Investigative reporters and writers that exposed abuses. • Upton Sinclair – “The Jungle” • Jacob Riis – “How the Other Half lives” – pictures of conditions of urban poor. • Jane Addams – Hull House (1889) – Settlement house.

7. Wilson’s “New Freedom” • Tame big business, greater competition. • Underwood tariff – lowered taxes by 25% • Graduated income tax – (16th amendment) • Federal Reserve Act – Federal government regulates money in circulation • Clayton Anti-trust Act – allowed for Unions. • Federal Trade Commission – protect consumers.

8. Roosevelt’s “Square Deal” • “Trust Buster” – revived Sherman Anti-Trust Act. • Meat Inspection Act – 1906 • Pure Food and Drug Act – 1906 • Increased power of Interstate Commerce Commission • Stopped selling public land for development. • National Conservation Commission – public parks, forests, set aside public land.

9. Progressive Reforms • Secret Ballot • Direct Election of Senators • Referendum – place bill on a ballot • Recall – elected officials can be removed by voters in a special election. • Party Primaries • Initiatives – voters could start a bill.