ECE5320 Mechatronics Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Rotary Solenoid

1. ECE5320 MechatronicsAssignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Rotary Solenoid Prepared by: Keith D. Mecham Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University kmecham@cc.usu.edu 3/10/2006

2. Outline • Reference list • Research Guide • Major applications • Basic working principle illustrated • Sample Configuration • Major Manufacturers • General specifications • Limitations • Selection Parameters ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

3. Reference list Shindengen America http://www.shindengen.com/resources/Content/7/4/documents/design.pdf DACO Instrument http://www.dacoinstruments.com/shutters/ ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

4. Research Guide Shindengen America http://www.shindengen.com DACO Instrument http://www.dacoinstruments.com ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

5. Major applications • Automotive • Aircraft Instruments • Bio-Medical Systems • Data Storage Devices • Fiber Optics • Indicators • Industrial Processing Equipment • Medical Laser Devices ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

6. Major Applications Key Purposes • Provide actuation between two fixed angular positions • Provide actuation in both rotational directions • Provides torque and degree of control advantage over motors ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

7. Basic Working Principle • Power is applied to solenoid • Internal electromagnets produce force on hub or cam lobe • Force translates into torque around an axis (shaft) • Torque is used to move or deform an external object as rotor moves to ON position • Spring, or opposing solenoid element return shaft & rotor to initial (OFF) position • See Drawing on next page ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

8. Functionality Example • When power is applied shaft rotates from unenergized position to max, or set ON position • When power removed a spring returns the shaft to its unenergized position http://www.shindengen.com/resources/Content/7/4/documents/design.pdf ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

9. Device Diagram Typical Configuration for Rotary Solenoid http://www.shindengen.com/resources/Content/7/4/documents/design.pdf ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

10. Typical Application Low Torque, High Speed: In these applications rotary solenoids are used for their quick smooth response Optical Shutter Sorting Flap http://www.dacoinstruments.com/shutters/ ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

11. Typical Application II High Torque Applications: Rotary solenoids are also very effective at producing large enough forces to accomplish work such as lifting a valve (Automotive) or tightening and adjustment screw Valve Lifter Torsion Adjustment ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

12. General Specifications • Physical • Return Types • Bi-Stable return: • Maintains position when power removed, • uses a secondary rotary solenoid to return • Spring Return: • Spring returns solenoid when power disconnected • Actuation Direction • Clock-wise • Counter-Clock-wise • Dual direction (CW & CCW) ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

13. General Specifications • Actuation Range • Short (.5 to 30 degrees) • Medium (25 to 90 degrees) • Long (85 to 165 degrees) • Actuation Resolution • Binary (ON position or OFF position) • Sensor Precision & Accuracy • Ranges from (.05 to 5 degrees) • Sensor Housing/Construction Type • Iron • Steel • Sealed/ Unsealed ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

14. General Specifications • Environment • Operating Temperature • Available for most environments • Available for Corrosive Environments • Sensitive to sand, dirt and grime • Voltage/Current Supply • Power supply required • AC or DC operation ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

15. Costs • Solenoids are available in many configurations at varied cost • Quality can be sacrificed in favor of cost savings which creates the following risks • Solenoids, like most mechanical devices, have a limited life-span. Cheaper parts don’t last as many cycles • Cheaper parts may not withstand treacherous environments • Cheaper parts may not be consistent enough for some processes ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

16. Limitations • Physical Limitations • Limited ON Time • Solenoid must not be left ON for too long, else excessive heat is generated • Actuation range (rotation) is limited by solenoid type • Limited torque over limited range • Larger range requires larger field, which requires larger coils and greater current (Power consumption). • Greater torque requires increased current ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

17. Limitations • Electrical Limitations • Can create electrical noise • Rapid switching can cause HF noise on PWR/GND • This noise can affect other nearby devices • Binary Actuator • Not useful for continuous position control • Effects of Limitations • Primarily used for simple binary actuation • Relatively static environment • Useful with bang bang controllers ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

18. Advantages • High torque with compact size • Can be used in intricate operations where space is limited • Consumes no power when disengaged • Fast reactance to input changes • Ideal for fast switching (Auto Engine Valves) • Smoother motion than linear solenoids ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

19. Selection Parameters • Stroke • Force or Torque • Voltage • Current / Power • Duty Cycle • Temperature • Operating Time / Speed • Environmental • AC / DC • Life ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

20. Manufacturers • Shindengen America • DACO • RAM Company • SAIA-Burgess • Omron • Ledex • Many others ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators