Different types of ENGINE

1. Different types of ENGINE What is an Engine? An engine is a device which is use to convert chemical energy into mechanical energy or work.

2. Classification of engine • Automobile engines are classified on the following bases 1) Internal combustion (IC) and External Combustion (EC) 2) Type of fuel: Petrol, Diesel, Gas, Bio / Alternative Fuels 3) Number of strokes – Two stroke Petrol, Two-Stroke Diesel, Four Stroke Petrol / Four Stroke Diesel 4) Type of ignition such as Spark Ignition, Compression Ignition 5) Number of Cylinders – From 1 to upto 18 cylinders (in a car) 6) Arrangement of cylinders which are Inline, V, W, Horizontal, Radial 7) Motion of Pistons which are Reciprocatory, Rotary 8) Size / Capacity 9) Bore-to-Stroke Ratio 10) Engine cooling methods such as Air-cooled, Liquid-cooled (Water based), Oil-cooled (Oil is cooled separately) 11) Breathing such as Naturally Aspirated, Turbocharged Supercharged

3. Super charged Engine

5. Supercharging • The process of supplying to the engine the air fuel mixture above the atmospheric pressure is called supercharging. A supercharger increases the pressure of the air fuel mixture from the carburettor before, it entres the engine. In supercharged engines, the mixture is forced into the cylinder at a pressure higher than that of the atmosphere. Due to higher pressure the density of ythe mixtures increases,therfore, its weight per stroke is increased. The engine should be able to take higher forces due to supercharging.

8. Turocharger

13. Wankel Engine • A type of Internal Combustion Engine that uses a rotary design. • Uses Four strokes cycle (Otto cycle). • Developed in 1951 by Felix Wankel.

14. Rotary Design • 4 stroke engine (intake, compression, combustion, exhaust) • Rotor on eccentric shaft. • Design to Minimize Volume while Maximizing Compression ratio. • Reuleaux Rotor – Triangular shaped with equaled width.

15. Pro • Much simpler comparing to its piston counterpart. • Power to weight ratio is superior than piston engines. • Smooth power flow and high RPM. • No Seizure at high temperature.

16. Con • Sealing, leaks from the apex seals greatly reduces efficiency of the engine. • High Operating Temperature, the housing operates at steady state with constant heating in each chamber. • Low fuel efficiency and shorter engine life due to damaged seals.

17. Applications

18. Rotor Vs Piston Nissan 240sx (1991-1994) Mazda Rx-7 (1989-1992) 13B 1.3 Liters (146 hp @ 6500 rpm and 138 ft·lbf ) KA24DE 2.4 Liters (155 hp @ 5600 rpm and 160 ft·lbf)

19. Gas Turbine • Invented in 1930 by Frank Whittle • Patented in 1934 • First used for aircraft propulsion in 1942 on Me262 by Germans during second world war • Currently most of the aircrafts and ships use GT engines • Used for power generation • Manufacturers: General Electric, Pratt &Whitney, SNECMA, Rolls Royce, Honeywell, Siemens – Westinghouse, Alstom • Indian take: Kaveri Engine by GTRE (DRDO)

20. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION • Intake:- • Slow down incoming air • Remove distortions • Compressor:- • Dynamically Compress air • Combustor:- • Heat addition through chemical reaction • Turbine:- • Run the compressor • Nozzle/ Free Turbine:- • Generation of thrust power/shaft power

21. Advantages and Disadvantages • Great power-to-weight ratio compared to reciprocating engines. • Smaller than their reciprocating counterparts of the same power. • Lower emission levels • Expensive: • high speeds and high operating temperatures • designing and manufacturing gas turbines is a tough problem from both the engineering and materials standpoint • Tend to use more fuel when they are idling • They prefer a constant rather than a fluctuating load.

22. Jet Engine

23. Principle

24. Stucture of jet engine

31. Thank You submit by Mhd. Baseem