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Online GIS

Objectives. Problems of Geospatial Data Delivery in a Library SettingCompare and AssessTraditional Tools for Data DisseminationTraditional Web Data Dissemination ToolsNewer Web Data Dissemination Tools Recommendations. Geospatial Data Management Problems

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Online GIS

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    1. Online GIS Solutions for Disseminating Geospatial Data in a Library Setting

    2. Objectives Problems of Geospatial Data Delivery in a Library Setting Compare and Assess Traditional Tools for Data Dissemination Traditional Web Data Dissemination Tools Newer Web Data Dissemination Tools Recommendations

    3. Geospatial Data Management Problems – Collection Growth Data Availability Government initiatives Private initiatives Disk space Archiving is an issue Metadata is scarce but more important than ever

    4. Geospatial Data Management Problems in the Library Environment Complexity of GIS Data Formats Shapefiles, coverages, ESRI Project files (ArcView vs. ArcMap), e00 Mapinfo files, etc. Datum NAD 27, NAD 83, etc. Projections UTM, MTM, Geographic, Lambert, etc. Types Raster, Vector, Attribute data etc. Scale Municipal data, National Data, International data

    5. Geospatial Data Management Problems in the Library Environment Digital Library World (24 X 7) Data must be available on all desktops Large campus populations (growing number of GIS users) Distance Education Multi-campuses Consortium sharing of data (46 for DMTI data)

    6. Geospatial Data Management Problems – Collection Licensing Access Restrictions Disparate License agreements and security requirements DMTI model vs. NRCan model, American vs. Canadian model

    7. Data Management Solutions

    8. Solutions – Local:Media CD-Rom USB Key External Hard-Drives Diskettes Advantages Inexpensive Little effort Disadvantages How do you keep track of all the data on several media types Media deterioration Media compatibility over the years

    9. Solutions – Intranets/Networked Drives Advantages: Accessibility Storage Space Security Low cost Data manageability easier Disadvantages: Becomes Intricate to manage data. Limited to institution or location

    10. Solutions – File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Server side transfer of files Meant for transfer and not viewing of files Requires sign on (anonymous or secure)

    11. Solutions – FTP

    12. Solutions – FTP:Assessment Advantages Secure Fast method of disseminating data Multi-platform (Unix, windows, Linux, Mac) Can be accessed using a variety of software Server setup & maintenance easy Costs are minimal (piggy back on other services) Disadvantages File organization and management can be difficult Versatility lacking vs. HTTP

    13. Solutions - HTTP:HTML <html> <head> <title>Toronto Digital Property Data Maps</title> </head> <img SRC=utl.gif><br> <font FACE=arial><a HREF=http://www.library.utoronto.ca/maplib><small>Home</small></a> | <a HREF=http://atlantis.chass.utoronto.ca/mfortin/cgi-bin/data_topics.pl><small>GIS Data Inventory</small></a></font><br> <body> <font face="arial"><b><h3>Toronto Digital Property Data Maps</h3></b></font> <font face="arial"><b><small>Source</small>:</b><small> Work & Emergency Services, City of Toronto</small></font><tab> <br><font face="arial"><b><small>Scale:</small></b><small> 1:500</small></font> <br><font face="arial"><b><small>Format:</small></b><small> dwg and dgn</small></font> <br><font face="arial"><b><small>Access:</small></b><small> University of Toronto faculty, students,and staff, for research and teaching only.</small></font> <br></tab> <font face="arial"><b><small>Method of Access:</small></b><small> University of Toronto Map Library, 5th floor Robarts Library</small></font><p> <center><img SRC="index_west2.jpg" usemap="#index_west2" BORDER=0></centre> <br><font face="arial"><small>Click on shaded graphics above to see available data. © University of Toronto Map Library</small></font> <br><font face="arial"><small>Last Updated: October, 25, 2002</small></font> <body> <map NAME="index_west2"> <!-- #$-:Image Map file created by Map THIS! --> <!-- #$-:Map THIS! free image map editor by Todd C. Wilson --> <!-- #$-:Please do not edit lines starting with "#$" --> <!-- #$VERSION:1.30 --> <!-- #$DATE:Tue Oct 29 12:36:29 2002 --> <!-- #$PATH:C:\user\BV\PDM_Index\ --> <!-- #$GIF:index_west2.jpg --> <area SHAPE=RECT COORDS="360,165,390,195" href="http://myaccess.library.utoronto.ca:80/login?url=http://www.library.utoronto.ca/datalib/datart/maplib/pdm/46j-12.zip" ALT="46j-12">

    14. Solutions - HTTP:HTML:Assessment Advantages: Simplicity Server costs low Server set-up & maintenance easy Disk space costs low Works on many platforms (Windows, UNIX, Linux, and MAC) Integrates images and text Problems: Time consuming Difficult to implement security Geo-Data management a major issue

    15. Solutions - HTTP:Cold Fusion (Macromedia) Web authoring tool Online Database Front End Works with simple or complex databases (From MS-Access to Oracle) Works on many platforms (Windows, UNIX and Linux)

    16. Solutions:HTTP:Cold Fusion:Examples

    17. Solutions:HTTP:Cold Fusion:Examples

    18. Solutions:HTTP:Cold Fusion:Ease and Simplicity

    19. Solutions HTTP:Cold Fusion:Assessment Advantages Ease of Use Simplicity of Coding Can quickly get started Multi-platformed Minimal system requirements (comparatively) Works hand in hand with HTML and SQL Disadvantages Cost is prohibitive File management still and issue

    20. Solutions – HTTP:Common Gateway Interface (CGI) Cross-platform scripting/programming language Creation of user/query driven web pages Database management (low end) Can use a variety of languages (perl, asp, php, C, etc.)

    21. Solutions – HTTP:CGI:Examples

    22. Solutions – HTTP:CGI

    23. Solutions – HTTP:CGI

    24. Solutions – HTTP:CGI

    25. Solutions – HTTP:CGI:Assessment Advantages Cross and multi-platform Open source Reusability of code Free Data encryption capabilities Works hand in hand with HTML On-the-fly HTML creation for file management Only limits are time and imagination Disadvantages Time consuming to code Learning curve Simple (text) database management leads to difficulties Relational model not directly supported Still have to deal with intricacies of geospatial data management Spatial queries possible but too difficult to create

    26. Solutions – HTTP:Database Interface (DBI) Cross-platform scripting/programming language Creation of user/query driven web pages Database management of high-end and relational databases (or low end)

    27. Solutions – HTTP:DBI

    28. Solutions – HTTP:DBI

    29. Solutions – HTTP:DBI

    30. Solutions – HTTP:DBI

    31. Solutions – HTTP:DBI

    32. Solutions – HTTP:DBI

    33. Solutions – HTTP:DBI

    34. Solutions – HTTP:DBI

    35. Solutions – HTTP:DBI

    36. Advantages Cross and multi-platform Works with a number of high-end databases (Oracle, MySQL, DB2, Informix, etc.) Open source Reusability of code Free Works hand in hand with HTML & SQL On-the-fly HTML Easily supports a relational model Data management better than in CGI without DBI Disadvantages Time consuming to code Learning curve of Scripting Language Learning curve of SQL Still have to deal with issue of geospatial data management Spatial possible but difficult Solutions – HTTP:DBI:Assessment

    37. Solutions – HTTP:Server-side Commercial GIS Difference with other HTTP concepts? More complex queries to the data as opposed to the simple queries to a database Spatial querying enabled To accomplish this, you need Metadata Software Hardware Expertise Time

    38. Solutions – HTTP:Server-side Commercial GIS:Why? Common data format Implicit Data management Simultaneous access Versioning/Archiving of data Direct Access through GIS desktop software

    39. Solutions – HTTP:Server-Side Commercial GIS:ArcSDE:Queries (discovery tool)

    40. Solutions - HTTP:Server-Side Commercial GIS:ArcSDE:Data Dissemination

    41. Solutions – HTTP:Server-Side Commercial GIS:ArcSDE:Geography Network:Desktop Access

    42. Solutions – HTTP:Server-Side Commercial GIS:ArcSDE:Local GN:Desktop Access

    43. Solutions – HTTP:Server-Side Commercial GIS:ArcSDE:Local GN

    44. Solutions:Server-Side Commercial GIS:ArcSDE:GeoDatabase Access

    45. Solutions – HTTP:Server-Side Commercial GIS:ArcSDE:Web Discovery Tool

    46. Solutions - Server-Side Commercial GIS:ArcSDE:ArcIMS

    47. Solutions – HTTP:Server-side Commercial GIS:Other Products

    48. Solutions – HTTP:Server-Side Commercial GIS:Assessment Advantages Management of geodata is implicit through Spatial Extension to Database Querying is made easier Can reach a large audience Can often get academic pricing Disadvantages Cost of software and hardware Maintenance and setup of hardware “beast” Complexity Restrictions on software Unknowns of disparate data (most deployments are from data producers such as governments) Interoperability is lacking Data conversion is necessary in most cases Mostly created for data archiving or storage, not dissemination of entire sets of data “Canadian” Metadata issue remains

    49. Solution - Beyond Commercial Server-side GIS and HTML Behold the OGC and GML

    50. “The main hindrance for building true interoperable distributed geographic information systems is the lack of any standard exchange mechanism between the diverse GISes connected over the web.” Shekhar, Vatsaval, et.al. (2001)

    51. Solutions – Open GIS Consortium (OGC) Non-profit, international, voluntary consensus standards organization Leader in the development of standards for geospatial services Works with governments, private industry, and academia to create open and extensible software application programming interfaces for GIS

    52. Solutions – OGC:Geography Markup Language (GML) GML is an initiative of the OGC XML encoding for the transport and storage of geographic information Enable the sharing geographic information Enable the linking of geographic datasets Interoperability between systems Open Source

    53. Solutions – OGC:GML:Importance of Interoperability No need for the same software between the provider & end-user Allows for a variety of types of tools to be used by the end-user Ease of integration of other data such as attribute data or GPS data One location or several for all data Seamless combination of all data

    54. Solutions – OGC:GML:Importance of Open Source Software (OSS) Free Supported Network of sharing users According to some [Anderson (2003), Wheeler (2002)] More reliable perform better Scalable More secure Overall, a superior alternative

    55. Solutions – OGC:GML:What does it do?

    56. Solutions – OGC:GML:Implications Because of GML, GIS server software can exist Allows for Simplicity when Integrating geospatial data into other Web Content

    57. Solutions – OGC:GML:What does it look like? <uka:Road fid ="highway11"> <uka:numLanes>3</uka:numLanes> <uka:surfaceType>gravel</uka:surfaceType> <gml:centerLineOf> <gml:LineString srsName = "epsg4361"> <gml:coordinates> …. </gml:coordinates> </gml:LineString> </gml:centerLineOf> </uka:Road>

    58. Solutions – OGC:GML:Server-side GIS Compliance

    59. Solutions – OGC:GML:Server-side GIS:Web Map Server Cost none Benefits Free Not only OGC compliant, it is OGC! Interoperable with Oracle, MySQL, etc.

    60. Solutions – OGC:GML:Server-side GIS:MapServer/PostGIS:USGS example

    61. Advantages Geo-data management implicit through free Spatial Extension (postGIS) Built-in geospatial querying and scripting Scripting language (PHP, perl, etc.) Free Easier to set up than commercial packages Disparate data made to communicate and interoperate Disadvantages Still need the staff to do it Still need access to metadata Hardware issues remain Solutions – OGC:GML:Server-side non-commercial GIS:Assessment

    62. OGC or Commercial?

    63. * NOTE: Harvard employs several technicians, a metadata cataloguer, a GIS specialist/librarian, and a project manager The Geospatial Library is not part of the Map Library at Harvard It is not a reference unit Current Online Initiatives:ArcSDE/ArcIMS:Harvard* Example

    64. Current Online Initiatives:OGC:Cornell/State of New York* http://cugir.mannlib.cornell.edu/index.jsp

    65. Current Canadian Online Initiatives:Individual Insitutions University of British Columbia Data Library Simon Fraser University University of Toronto Data & GIS Services Other University Map and Data Libraries

    66. Current Canadian Online Initiatives:Consortia TriUniversity Group of Libraries (TUG) Metadata project http://www.fesspatial.uwaterloo.ca/library/ University of Toronto – DMTI http://www.library.utoronto.ca/maplib/DMTI/ University of Western Ontario Model Internet Data Library System http://janus.ssc.uwo.ca/idls/ Scholar’s portal http://www.library.utoronto.ca/scholarsportal Sherlock http://sherlock.crepuq.qc.ca

    67. Current Canadian Online Initiatives:Assessment Positives Getting started is always good Some consortia activity saving some cost and effort Negatives Local Scope Universities are duplicating efforts OCUL’s Scholar’s Portal – Ontario only Sherlock – Quebec Only Leads to duplication and waste

    68. Overcoming Difficulties Approach Partnerships instead of duplication Metadata Consortia ACMLA initiatives National Repository for metadata (OCLC type)? Money Funding partnerships (CGDI, CFI, SSHRC, etc.) Corporate sponsorship Consortia (OCUL for example) Staffing issues Number of staff Type of staff IT vs. GIS Licensing of data Must either convince our providers to change or find ways of complying (circulation system verification?)

    69. Planning & Prioritizing Find Partners (CAPDU & ACMLA) Funding Hardware Metadata National / International repository of metadata Communicate with data providers of our need OGC Involvement will ensure our needs are recognized

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