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Opening Task

Opening Task. This cartoon (1819) says a lot about what will happen in the Radical Phase of the French Revolution. What details do you see in this cartoon and what might that mean about what will happen?

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Opening Task

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  1. Opening Task • This cartoon (1819) says a lot about what will happen in the Radical Phase of the French Revolution. What details do you see in this cartoon and what might that mean about what will happen? • Who could have made this cartoon and why? What statement is being made in this cartoon?

  2. 1792

  3. 1819

  4. 1823

  5. Day 60-61 Objectives • Identify the causes of the Radical Phase during the French Revolution • Analyze the decisions of the French Government during the Radical Phase • Evaluate the actions of Maximillien Robespierre during the Radical Phase • Examine the fragility of Democracy

  6. Radical Phase Begins • Moderate Phase (National/Legislative Assembly) 1789-1791 • France becomes Constitutional monarchy • Radical Phase 1792-1794/5 • Reign of Terror • The Directory 1795-1799 • Age of Napoleon 1799-1815

  7. So Far the Rev has been civil…but……. • The “sword” has been violent • Peasants • Paris • Government (pen) has made the right moves with new Constitution, but the LA has made a mistake…

  8. 2 Threats • Internal • External • The threats all attack at the same time…what a mess! What chaos! (hmm) 2. France must preserve the Revolution and Democracy

  9. 1. NC is Formed • 2nd Constitution is made in Sept. 1792 • Legislative Assembly now called the National Convention • EG-NA-LA-NC • New govis a… • What is King Louis XVI? • Suffrage for all males • More Conservative or Liberal than the past Constitution?

  10. NC Cont… • Leaders (co-GWs) • George Danton = Minister of Justice  • Maximilien Robespierre • Two factions/parties from within the Jacobins lead the NC • Mountain = Radicals • Girondins= Moderates  • What will happen between the 2 parties?

  11. Who is Maximelien Robespierre

  12. Problem #1 • What to do with Louis XVI? • Alive or dead? • Who wants what? • monarchy always a threat • Louis and Marie are helping the enemy • Some think you can’t truly move forward until the monarchy is dead and gone (Dr. Zhivago)

  13. “Sword” has a solution! • France losing war with European coalition… • Panic in Paris (blame…) • August 1792, Louis XVI attacked again by mob in Tuileiries Palace • Not killed • Royalists were killed in prisons • Why is this a problem?

  14. 1792

  15. Attack of Tuileries Palace

  16. NC’s Solution • January 1793, Louis XVI on trial as regular citizen (the charge?) • life almost spared…by whom? • “Jacobins” have him executed • Louis XVI is executed like what English King?

  17. 2 more threats • Internal • External • The threats all attack at the same time…what a mess! What chaos! (hmm) 2. France must preserve the Revolution and Democracy

  18. Internal Threat • Violence inside France from two sources… • Counter-Revolutionary rebels in France who are resisting the Revolution • Sans-Culottes (where) who want to do what with the Revolution? • What recipe does France need? • Order!! • What has to be prevented?

  19. Who are the Sans- Cullotes listening to? • Jean Paul Marat • Writer and radical who has a newspaper • Tells sans-culottes who is new enemy to kill or capture • Promotes violence • But he’s a Jacobin, so he’s on the side of some powerful men

  20. External Threat?

  21. 3. NC's Solution for both the Internal & External threats = • Committee of Public Safety • Created in 1793 (2nd year of Radical Phase) • Created by Danton • Led by Robespierre • Group of 12 men in the NC that run everything • Goal????????? (spectrum)

  22. Goal = Save France & the Rev! • Solution for the External Threat = A Nation in Arms • Order citizens to join • January 1793 – 650K army • September 1793 – 1.2 million army (largest ever in Euro History at that point) • Army begins to win along border and take land

  23. 4. A Martyr is made • Jean Paul Marat • Killed July 13, 1793 • by Charlotte Corday, a Counter-Revolutionary • Painting makes him look like? • His assassination creates a ripple effect…what is it?

  24. Republic of Virtue • What was it? • What was part of it? How was it seen throughout France? • What inspired it? • Who were the leaders of it? • Thoughts?

  25. Whatdetailsdo you seehere in thiscartoonthatdefendsthe FrenchRevolution

  26. Characters and Fashion of the Republic

  27. Solution to Internal violence? • Reign of Terror • After Marat was killed • September 1793 to July 1794..one year • Committee protects Republic with execution of internal enemies • Who are enemies?

  28. Who were the victims? • What classes?

  29. Marie executed • October 1793 • Unfair, quick trial • Accused of many crimes…why again? • Orgies in Versailles • Ordering murders • WORST ONE…Molesting her son • She makes a moving speech • Executed at 38

  30. Where Were The Massacres In France??

  31. The Vendee (western France) • 42 percent of all executions • Towns wiped out • Lyons (central France) • Used cannons when guillotine overused • Marseilles (southern France) • Blood poured down street from guillotine • Democracy?? • What has taken its place? Victims of Reign of Terror

  32. Moving down the Political spectrum

  33. Victims of Reign of Terror • 50K killed in 9 months • Royalist rebels, Peasants, Girondins killed • Jacobins will be all that is left • Jacobins • What else is preventing a true “Republic” from happening? • Religion!!!

  34. De-Christianization of France!! • “saint” removed from street names • Cathedrals shut down and renamed • Why do this?

  35. Cathedral of Notre Dame Temple of Reason

  36. Eliminating Christianity From France • Inspired by what to the worst degree? • Enlightenment • God not worshiped inside new temples… • Female figure personifying Liberty rises out of Temple of Reason

  37. What is this?

  38. New Calendar • Started October 5, 1793 • Year 1 begins on September 1792…(?) • Gregorian Calendar eliminated

  39. 3 weeks • 10 days a “decade” • No Sunday…why? • Only 1 day of rest! • primidi(first day) • duodi (second day) • tridi (third day) • quartidi (fourth day) • quintidi (fifth day) • sextidi (sixth day) • septidi (seventh day) • octidi (eighth day) • nonidi (ninth day) • décadi (tenth day)

  40. The Republican calendar year began at the autumn equinox and had twelve months of 30 days each, which were given new names based on nature: • Autumn: • Vendémiaire (from Latin vindemia, "vintage") Starting Sept 22, 23 or 24 • Brumaire (from French brume, "mist") Starting Oct 22, 23 or 24 • Frimaire (From French frimas, "frost") Starting Nov 21, 22 or 23 • Winter: • Nivôse (from Latin nivosus, "snowy") Starting Dec 21, 22 or 23 • Pluviôse (from Latin pluviosus, "rainy") Starting Jan 20, 21 or 22 • Ventôse (from Latin ventosus, "windy") Starting Feb 19, 20 or 21 • Spring: • Germinal (from Latin germen, "seed") Starting Mar 20 or 21 • Floréal (from Latin flos, "flower") Starting Apr 20 or 21 • Prairial (from French prairie, "meadow") Starting May 20 or 21 • Summer: • Messidor (from Latin messis, "harvest") Starting Jun 19 or 20 • Thermidor (from Greek thermos, "hot") Starting Jul 19 or 20 • Fructidor (from Latin fructus, "fruits") Starting Aug 18 or 19

  41. New Clock • 10 hours a day (each hour over twice as long as conventional hour) • 100 minutes in each hour. Each minute was slightly longer than conventional minute • Each second shorter than conventional second

  42. De-Christianization Impact? • Big Mistake…why? • Laughed at by Europe • Wheezy, Sneezy and Freezy; Slippy, Drippy and Nippy; Showery, Flowery and Bowery; Wheaty, Heaty and Sweety

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