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Chapter 6: Sub-Saharan Africa

Chapter 6: Sub-Saharan Africa. Learning Objectives. Outline the factors that contribute to the region’s rich natural resources. Describe the elements that create coherence in this culturally diverse region.

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Chapter 6: Sub-Saharan Africa

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  1. Chapter 6: Sub-Saharan Africa

  2. Learning Objectives • Outline the factors that contribute to the region’s rich natural resources. • Describe the elements that create coherence in this culturally diverse region. • Understand the complex interactions between population, the natural environment and economic development for Sub-Saharan Africa. Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  3. Gondwanaland Desertification Transhumance Famine Biofuels Density Physiological and Agricultural HIV/AIDS Swidden Agriculture Pastoralism Tsetse Flies Apartheid Berlin Conference Homelands Townships Pan-African Movement African Union Tribalism Refugees/Internally Displaced Persons Structural Adjustment Programs Key Concepts Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  4. Setting the Boundaries • Africa south of the Sahara Desert • Similar livelihood systems • Shared colonial experience Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  5. Sub-Saharan Africa Figure 6.1 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  6. Environmental Issues - Overview Figure 6.3 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  7. The Sahel and Desertification Figure 6.4 • Sahel • Transitional Zone • Prolonged Drought • Human Impacts • Overgrazing • Agricultural Expansion • Famine Figure 6.5 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  8. Deforestation Figure 6.6 • Aggravates soil erosion, moisture loss and shortage of biofuels • Impact on wildlife habitat Figure 6.7 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  9. Wildlife Conservation • Wildlife Reserves • East Africa • Southern Africa • CITES • Ban on Ivory Trade Figure 6.8 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  10. Physical Setting Figure 6.9 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  11. Plateaus and Basins Figure 6.10 • “Plateau Continent” • Gradually uplifted with break-up of Gondwanaland Figure 6.11 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  12. Climate Imagine you are traveling from the Equator to the Tropic of Capricorn. Describe the biomes you would travel through based on climatic information. Figure 6.13 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  13. African Biomes Figure 6.14 – Savannas Figure 6.15 – Deserts Figure 6.12 – Tropical Forests Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  14. Population and Settlement Why would physiological or agricultural density tell us more about population pressure on land resources than population density alone? Figure 6.18 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  15. Demographic Indicators – Fertility Why would family size differ from region to region? Figure 6.16 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  16. HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa What are some of the impacts of high HIV/AIDS infection rates in southern Africa? Figure 6.17 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  17. Settlement Patterns - Rural Figure 6.19 • Subsistence Agriculture • Swidden • Plantation Agriculture • Pastoralism • Tsetse Flies Figure 6.20 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  18. Urban Settlement – Where? • Rapidly growing • Refer back to Fig. 1.27 • Ancient Cities • Colonial Cities • Ethnic and Religious Influences • Trade Networks Downtown Lagos, Nigeria Figure 6.21 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  19. Accra, Ghana—Then and Now Figure 6.4.2 Figure 6.4.1 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  20. Urban Legacies of Apartheid Figure 6.22 – Racial Segregation in Cape Town Figure 6.23 – Residential Integration in Cape Town Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  21. Cultural Coherence and Diversity • Sub-Saharan African identity • Slavery • Colonialism • Struggles for independence and development • Diverse religious and language systems Common History Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  22. Linguistic Diversity Figure 6.24 Figure 6.26 – South African Road Sign Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  23. Religious Diversity Figure 6.27 Figure 6.28 Figure 6.29 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  24. Geopolitical Framework - African Kingdoms Figure 6.33 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  25. European Imprint Figure 6.34 • Early European contact • Limited by endemic diseases • Berlin Conference (1884) • Pan-African Movement • Decolonization and Independence Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  26. Establishing South Africa • Homelands • Townships Apartheid Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  27. Supranational Organizations Figure 6.37 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  28. Political Conflict Figure 6.5.1 • Legacies of colonial boundaries • Tribalism vs. the State (Refer back to Fig. 1.41) • Ethnic Conflicts • Secessionist Movements Darfur Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  29. Conflict and Population Movements Figure 5.28 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  30. African Poverty Figure 6.41 – Lack of Infrastructure • Failed development policies • Debt • Structural Adjustment Programs • Food Policies • Corruption Figure 6.42 – Uncompetitive Industry Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  31. Sub-Saharan Africa and the Global Economy • Aid vs. • Investment Figure 6.44 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  32. Economic Differentiation Figure 6.46 – Internet Café in Abidjan, Ivory Coast Figure 6.6.1 – Used Clothing Trade Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

  33. Social Development Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

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