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AFRICA

AFRICA. Africa Today. How Big is Africa?. I. Early Africa. A. Earliest Civilization 1. 7 million years ago, 1 st people 2. O riginated in southeast Africa (Hadar, Ethiopia, Lake Turkana, Kenya & Laetoli, Tanzania) 3. Moved north, northeast, northwest “Out of Africa”.

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AFRICA

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  1. AFRICA

  2. Africa Today

  3. How Big is Africa?

  4. I. Early Africa • A. Earliest Civilization 1. 7 million years ago, 1st people 2. Originated in southeast Africa (Hadar, Ethiopia, Lake Turkana, Kenya & Laetoli, Tanzania) 3. Moved north, northeast, northwest “Out of Africa”

  5. I. Early Africa

  6. I. Early Africa

  7. I. Early Africa

  8. I. Early Africa 4. Discovered/created fire 5. Hunters & Gatherers 6. By 16,000 BCE, farming began with okra, black eye peas, gourds, watermelons, yams, peanuts, kola nuts, cotton, beans, wheat, barley, domestication of cattle, sheep, etc 7. Metalwork which included, iron, copper, lead & bronze production

  9. II. African Empires

  10. II. African Empires • A. Prior to the colonialism, thousands of empires/kingdoms existed throughout Africa • B. Ancient Empires include: • 1. Ancient Egypt (3100 BCE-870 CE) • 2. Ancient Kush/Nubia (Sudan) (760 BCE-656 BCE) • 3. Ancient Carthage (Tunisia) (575 BCE-146 BCE) • 4. Ancient Axum (Ethiopia) (100-940 CE)

  11. II. African Empires Ancient Kush/Nubia (Sudan) Ancient Egypt Ancient Carthage (Tunisia) Ancient Axum (Ethiopia)

  12. III. West African Empires • A. “Sudanic Empires”, “Bilad al Sudan (“land of the Blacks”) included: 1. Ghana (800-1200 CE) 2. Mali (1100-1700 CE) 3. Songhai (1335-1591 CE) 4. Kanem-Bornu (1100-1846 CE)

  13. III. West African Empires Present day Mauritania & Mali

  14. III. West African Empires Mansa Musa

  15. III. West African Empires Timbuktu, Mali Songhai Empire included present day Mali, Niger & Burkina Faso

  16. III. West African Empires Idris Alooma, Kanem-Bornu Emperor Sunni Ali, Songhai Emperor

  17. III. West African Empires Present day Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon & Nigeria

  18. III. West African Empires • B. Islam • 1. Sudanic Empires were all Muslim (followers of Islam) • 2. Islam spread through trade routes that connected West, North & East Africa with the Arabian peninsula, India & China • 3. It brought literacy, political stability, economic prosperity • 4. Africans combined existing traditions with Islamic doctrine, culture & even fashion

  19. III. West African Empires

  20. III. West African Empires • C. West African Empires included: 1. Benin (1447-1897 CE) Benin & Nigeria 2. Yoruba/Oyo (1600-1800 CE) Nigeria D. Practiced Indigenous African Religion E. Organized in city-states, which were ruled by a chief & the chiefs were ruled by a KING F. Traded gold, pepper, ivory, slaves, blue fabric, leopard skins, glass beads, etc

  21. III. West African Empires Oba of Benin

  22. III. West African Empires

  23. IV. Southwestern African Empires • A. Southwestern Empires included: 1. Luba (1000-1600) Democratic Republic of Congo 2. Kongo (1200-1600) Kongo, Angola & Gabon B. Formed along the Congo River C. Luba was: 1. feudal system 2. agrarian based 3. metal work 4. traded palm oil, metal work , salt, beads, etc

  24. IV. Southwestern African Empires

  25. IV. Southwestern African Empires • D Kongo: • 1. Absolute monarch • 2. Traded gold, pepper, ivory, slaves, blue, fabric, leopard skins, glass beads, etc • 3. King Alfonso converted to Christianity, so did many of his subjects • 4. King Alfonso tried to curtail slavery, famously wrote a letter

  26. IV. Southwestern African Empires

  27. V. South African Empires • A. Zimbabwe 1. located between Limpopo & Zambezi Rivers 2. founded 1150 CE 3. Indigenous African w/o Islamic influences 4. Organized into city-states & ruled by a king 5. traded gold, copper, cloth & glass 6. zimbabwe means house of stone

  28. V. South African Empires

  29. V. South African Empires

  30. V. South African Empires • B. Zulu Kingdom 1816-1897 1. located along the southeast African coast 2. Indigenous African language & religion 3. founded by Shaka 4. extended slave trade in southeastern Africa

  31. V. South African Empires

  32. VI. East African Empires • A. East African Coastal areas 1. were organized into city-states, major city-states included: a. Kilwa Island off the coast of Tanzania) b. Mombasa (Kenya) c. Zanzibar (Tanzania) d. Mogadishu (Somalia)

  33. VI. East African Empires

  34. VI. East African Empires Kilwa 900-1700s

  35. VI. East African Empires 2. Traded ivory, incense, gold, iron, slaves, spices, perfumes with Africans, Arabs, East Indians, Malaysians & Persians 3. Islam dominant religion 4. The Swahili language, a combination of Arabic & Bantu (indigenous sub-Saharan African languages) developed

  36. VI. East African Empires

  37. VI. East African Empires • B. Ethiopia 1. Ethiopian people are combination of Indigenous African & Arab people 2. Christianity is the dominant religion a. 330CE King Ezana converted to Christianity b. 900s CE Ethiopian Orthodox Church formed 3. Isolated from African neighbors 4. Solomonic Dynasty ruled from 950 -1974

  38. VI. East African Empires

  39. VII. North African Empires

  40. African Independence

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