AP Chapter 23

1. AP Chapter 23 The Roaring 20s

2. Election of 1920 • “Return to Normalcy”- campaign slogan of Warren G. Harding (R) in 1920 • Harding easily defeated James Cox (D) to win the presidency • The country saw amazing growth in consumer goods and a drastic change in culture

4. 2nd Industrial Revolution • Electricity became common throughout the country and new consumer goods were in high demand • Mass production techniques were rapidly decreasing the price of goods • Welfare Capitalism- system of labor relations emphasizing managements responsibility for the employees well being

5. Open Shops and the Supreme Court seriously weakened the unions gains during the war • Henry Ford- Model T 1st popular and affordable automobile • Assembly Line- cars placed on a line and people do the same thing over and over • Car rolled off the line every 10 seconds and he paid his workers $5 for an 8 hr. day

7. Assembly Line

9. Agricultural Problems • Farmers struggled the most during the 1920s • The demand for U.S. crops after the war dropped significantly which led to massive amounts of overproduction • Farmers struggled to repay loans and dug themselves deeper and deeper

12. Installment Buying • Buying on credit like a credit card • Most people overextended their credit which led to problems • People began to move to the suburbs and commute into the cities • Radios, cars, refrigerators, washing machines etc. were all bought on credit

14. Mass Culture • Movies became extremely popular and The Jazz Singer staring Al Jolson was the first talking movie in 1927 • Movies shaped how Americans dressed and talked • KDKA of Pittsburgh was the 1st regularly broadcast radio station and the radio quickly grew

16. Music, sports, comedies and dramas were all played out on the radio • NBC and CBS led the way • NY Dailey News was the 1st to use tabloid style news and it quickly spread throughout the country • Advertising agencies grew and began to use scientific technology • Dances such as the Charleston, Tango, Fox Trot and Grizzly Bear became popular

18. Sports and Celebrity • Baseball, boxing and college football ruled the sporting world • Babe Ruth, Red Grange, Jack Dempsey and Gene Tunney became household names • Sporting events were also a popular form of socializing

19. Jack Dempsey

20. Charles Lindbergh

22. New Morality • Women changed their roles from traditional and conservative to flappers • Flappers smoked, drank, danced wore their dresses and hair short • Many were shocked at the way women were acting and it upset the traditional culture

24. 18th Amend- Prohibition Volstead Act • Manufacturing and sale of alcohol was prohibited in 1919 • Rise of organized crime led by Al Capone in Chicago • Bootleggers-supplied alcohol to Americans mainly through Canada • Speakeasy- illegal bars were people enjoyed music and a good drink

28. Prohibition failed miserably • Unpopular laws are difficult if not impossible to enforce • 21st Amend- repealed prohibition in 1933 • Some say it was easier to get alcohol during prohibition than it is today

30. Immigration Restriction • Following the war many were tired of the new immigrants • Lodge founded the Immigration Restriction League • Immigration Act of 1921 restricted immigration to 3% of 1910 totals • Johnson Reed Immigration Act of 1924 further restricted immigration to 2% of 1890 totals

33. Ku Klux Clan • KKK- grew in numbers following D.W. Griffiths The Birth of a Nation that glorified the KKK • KKK attacked Roman Catholics, Jews and African Americans • Klan became a powerful force in the Democratic Party

36. Scopes (Monkey Trial) • John T. Scopes- accused of teaching Darwin's theory of evolution (illegal in Tenn.) • Trial gained national atten. When ACLU lawyer Clarence Darrow faced off against W.J. Bryan • Religion vs. Science • Found guilty & fined $100

38. Harding and the “Ohio Gang” • Harding surrounded himself with a close group of friends called the “Ohio Gang” • Harding’s cabinet was very corrupt • Harding died in office in 1923 • Teapot Dome Scandal- Sec. of Interior Albert Fall was convicted of taking bribes for secretly leasing oil reserves (1st cabinet member ever to go to jail)

39. Ohio Gang

41. Prosperity under Coolidge • Did very little as president • “Business of America is business” which reflects a laissez faire • Sec. of Treasury Andrew Mellon used his conservative principles to trim the budget, cut taxes, and encouraged growth

44. War Debt and Reparations • Following the war the U.S. was the leading creditor nation • Dawes and Young Plans gave loans to Germany so they could repay GB/France who then were able to repay us (with interest) • Kellogg-Briand Pact- outlawed war • Washington Naval Disarmament Conf.- reduced the size of the world’s navies

46. Unfulfilled Promises • During the 1920s their was a huge gap between the rich and the poor • League of Women Voters-advocated for women’s rights such as equal pay • Sheppard-Towner Act- provided for the 1st federally funded health care for maternity care • Mexican immigration rose but also brought nativism

47. Harlem Renaissance • Encouraged African Americans to take PRIDE in their culture • Langston Hughes- popular poet of the Renaissance • Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway and Louis Armstrong popularized jazz • Renaissance focused on African American culture and art

50. Writers • Ernest Hemingway wrote The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms that questioned idealism • F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote This Side of Paradise and The Great Gatsby • Sinclair Lewis wrote Main Street and Babbit that satrinized small town life