1 / 36

Chapter 23

Chapter 23. Articulation and Body Movements. Functions of articulations. Articulations Where two bones interconnect To hold bones together To allow movements of the body. Functional classification. Immovable joints- Synarthroses More predominant in the axial skeleton

lirit
Download Presentation

Chapter 23

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 23 Articulation and Body Movements

  2. Functions of articulations • Articulations • Where two bones interconnect • To hold bones together • To allow movements of the body

  3. Functional classification • Immovable joints- Synarthroses • More predominant in the axial skeleton • Slightly moveable joints- Amphiarthroses • More predominant in the axial skeleton • Freely moveable joints- Diarthroses • More predominant in the appendicular skeleton

  4. Structural classification • Fibrous joints • No presence of joint cavity • They are synarthroses or amphiarthroses • Fibrous tissue present • Suture = skull bones bound together by dense connective tissue. It is a synarthrose. Bones interlock • Gomphosis= teeth bound to bony sockets by periodontal ligaments

  5. Structural classification • Synostosis = two bones completely fused. Portions of the skull • Syndesmosis = bones connected by a ligament. Distal articulation between fibula and tibia. Movement varies from immovable to slightly variable.

  6. Fibrous Structural Joints: Syndesmoses Figure 8.1b

  7. Cartilaginous joints • Bones connected by a pad or plate of cartilage • Symphysis = bone separated by fibrocartilage. Pubic symphysis and intervertebral joints. It is amphiarthrotic • Syncondrosis= bones connected by hyaline cartilage. Epiphyseal plate and articulation of the first rib with the sternum. It is synarthrotic

  8. Cartilaginous Joints: Synchondroses

  9. Synovial joints • Bony surfaces enclosed within articularcapsule(dense connective tissue) • Synovial membrane-inside of the capsule • Secretes the synovial fluid • Synovial cavity • Articular cartilage • Resemble hyaline cartilage and covers the bone ends

  10. The Structure of a Synovial Joint

  11. Synovial joints • Meniscior articular discs • Improves the fit of the joint • Minimizes the wear and tear of the joint • Fat pads • Bursae and tendon sheath • Synovial sacs between tendons • They reduce friction • May or may not be present in the joint

  12. Synovial Joints: Friction-Reducing Structures

  13. Synovial joints • Reinforcing ligaments • Intrinsic or capsular- it is a thickening part of the caspsule • Extracapsular- outside of the capsule • Intracapsular- inside of the capsule

  14. Synovial Joints: Stability • Stability is determined by: • Articular surfaces – shape determines what movements are possible • Ligaments – unite bones and prevent excessive or undesirable motion • Muscle tone

  15. Structural Classification of the Synovial Joints

  16. Structural Classification of the Synovial Joints

  17. Structural Classification of the Synovial Joints • Plane - articular surface is flat or slightly curved • Hinge– round process of one bone fits into the concave surface of the other bone. Elbow • Pivot- allows rotational movement between two bones. • Condyloid – convex surface articulating with a concave one

  18. Structural Classification of the Synovial Joints • Saddle -one concave and one convex bone facing it other • Ball-and-socket - permit rotation and other movements

  19. Types of movements of synovial joints • Gliding • Flexion • Extension, hyperextension • Abduction • Adduction • Rotation • Circunduction • Elevation • Depression

  20. Types of movements of synovial joints • Pronation • Supination • Inversion • Eversion • Dorsiflexion • Plantar flexion • Protraction • Retraction • Opposition

  21. Selected synovial joints- Knee • Menisci • Act as cushion • Provide lateral stability to the joint • Lateral and medial • Bursae

  22. Knee joint • Collateral ligaments • Prevent rotation during extension • Reinforce the sides of the knee • Medial or tibial • Lateral or fibular

  23. Knee joint • Cruciate ligaments • Prevent anterior-posterior displacement of the joint, overflexion and hyperextension of the joint • Anterior • Posterior

  24. Knee joint • Popliteal ligaments • Reinforce the posterior surface of the knee • Patellar ligament-from patella to the tibia • Patellar retinaculum • Lateral and medial • Merge with the capsule • Patellar and retinaculum ligaments support the anterior surface of the knee

  25. The Knee Joint

  26. The Knee Joint Figure 9.12c, d

  27. Synovial Joints: Shoulder Stability

  28. Synovial Joints: Shoulder Stability

  29. Hip joint • Ball and socket diarthroses • Acetabular labrum • Circular rim of fibrocartilage. Deepens the socket

  30. Hip joint • Ligamentumteres or ligament of the head of the femur • From fovea capitis to the acetabulum. • Helps to secure the femur • Iliofemoral ligament • Pubofemoral ligament • Ischiofemoral ligament

  31. The Hip Joint

  32. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) • Between mandibular fossa and mandibular condyle • Articular disc • Divides the joint in superior and inferior compartment • Lateral ligament

  33. Joint Disorders • Sprain • Damage of the ligament by excessive stretch or tear. Slow and painful healing • Dislocation • Bones are forced out of their normal position • Reduction

  34. Joint Disorders • Adhesion • Fibrous bands between the surfaces where the bones meet • Spurs • Extra bone growing along the joint • Bursites • Damage or inflamation of the bursa by blow or friction

  35. Osteoarthritis (OA) • Most common chronic arthritis; often called “wear-and-tear” arthritis • Affects women more than men • More prevalent in the aged, and is probably related to the normal aging process

  36. Arthritis • Gouty Arthritis • Rheumatoid Arthritis

More Related