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TNK092: Network Simulation - Nätverkssimulering

TNK092: Network Simulation - Nätverkssimulering. Lecture #1: Course basics and a first taste of NS2 Vangelis Angelakis Ph.D. Basic Course Information. Examiner: Prof. Di Yuan Seminars: Dr. Vangelis Angelakis Labs: Ms. Qing He 6 ECTS, Load distribution: Lab assignments: 2/6

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TNK092: Network Simulation - Nätverkssimulering

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  1. TNK092: Network Simulation - Nätverkssimulering Lecture #1: Course basics and a first taste of NS2 Vangelis Angelakis Ph.D.

  2. Basic Course Information • Examiner: Prof. Di Yuan • Seminars: Dr. Vangelis Angelakis • Labs: Ms. Qing He • 6 ECTS, Load distribution: • Lab assignments: 2/6 • Project work: 4/6 • Subscribe to the course mailing list!! • Webpage at: www.itn.liu.se/~vanan11/TNK092

  3. Lectures [ aug. 28 ] [ aug. 29 ] [ aug. 31 ] [ sept. 4 ] [ sept. 5 ] [ sept. 12 ] Course basics and first NS2 steps. Manipulating results and adding modules TCP/IP in NS2 Routing and network Dynamics Wireless Networking Simulation Wired & Wireless [sept. 21] backup lecture date. 3

  4. Assignments & Lab sessions [ sept. 4] [ sept. 11 ] [ oct. 2] [oct. 16 ] Learning to handle NS2 Setting up a new module in NS2 TCP/IP Wireless networking 4 (+1) Lab sessions: Give you assistance on given assignment The 2 first give you hints & the basic steps on • how to proceed with it • what to expect The 2 last expect you to have done most of the job by then  assistive role. At the end of a lab session you DELIVER the report on the previous lab assignment • i.e.: on the session of Tue. Sept. 11th, you are expected to deliver a report on the lab assignment discussed in the session of Sept. the 4th. 4

  5. Lab Groups and Project Teams I M P O R T A N T For the Labs you MUST: • Select a lab partner • DEADLINE: TUESDAY, Sept. 4 5

  6. Project • Implementation of (recent) research papers, with simulatory results • Available on the course webpage from Tuesday, Sept. 11th • By Tuesday SEP. 18 23:59email the course list (+ me) stating: • The names of TWO (2) students forming a project group • A list of 2-3 papers that the group is interested in IN ORDER OF PREFERENCE • Assignment of papers will be done in a first-come-first served manner, • BUT: • Some groups may be assigned the same paper • Such groups MUST work separately • Reports and codes of these groups will be compared to identify integrity issues. 6

  7. Project Deliverables -Details on the course website • Project PROPOSAL • By TUESDAY SEP. 30: NO extensions • a brief summary identifying the paper’s KEY IDEA and the MAIN RESULT • a list of the key points to implement that will illustrate them • a list of the key system parameters, as the ones contained in the paper along with potential added assumptions • FINAL Report • By SUNDAY OCT. 21: NO extensions • NS2 Implementation • Written 5-page (double-column) report • If FAIL deadlines for project resubmission (retake): • Jan. 20, 2013 • Aug. 25, 2013 7

  8. Other timeslots lab time exceeding the assignments: One extra session [ Oct. 16] Project tutorial sessions on a project group need-to-do basis i.e. BY EMAIL APPOINTMENT! • Sept 21: 8:15-10:15 • Oct. 3: 17:15-19:15 • Oct. 9: 13:15-17:15 • Further tutorial may be arranged (upon availability only) by further email arrangements 8

  9. Some resources • NS simulator for beginners: http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Eitan.Altman/ns.htm http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Eitan.Altman/COURS-NS/n3.pdf • NS by example: http://nile.wpi.edu/NS/ • The ns-2 wiki, user information: http://nsnam.isi.edu/nsnam/index.php/User_Information • Gettingstartedwith ns-2: http://nsnam.isi.edu/nsnam/index.php/Getting_Started_with_NS-2

  10. Installation • For Linux (Redhat, Ubuntu), FreeBSD, or other, • gcc needed • download ns-allinone software package, unzip (tar) • building ns from the sources (./install) • remember the enviromental variables (.bashrc in your own directory) • For Windows • using Vmware Player (Free) • will be the one used later on for the Lab • download the ubuntu image for vmware, and install ns on your linux system: DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS ON THE COURSE WEB-PAGE • using Cygwin (Free) • install Cygwin (www.cygwin.com), install all the packages if you don’t know which one you need instead of the defaut one • download nsallinonesoftware package, unzip (tar) to one directory build ns source (./install) • remember the enviromental variable (.bashrc) • See Lab instructions or NS2 homepage for detailed information

  11. NS2 Hello World! (hello.tcl) set ns [new Simulator] $ns at 1 “puts \“Hello World!\”” $ns at 1.5 “exit” $ns run $ $ ns hello.tcl Hello World! $ | 11

  12. Tcl programming fundamentals 1/4 # Thisisacomment,thetclinterpreterwillnot“see”it set b 0assigns to b the value 0 set x $aassigns to variable ‘x’ the value of variable ‘a’ • To usethe value assigned to a variable, we use the $ sign before the variable. set x [expr $a + $b] • A mathematical operation is done using the expr(ession) command. set myFilePtr [open my_filename w] opens my_filename for writing and gives you the pointer myFilePtr 12

  13. Tcl programming fundamentals 2/4 puts $myFilePtr "text" • each time the puts command is used, a new line is started. • To avoid new line, one has to add -nonewline after puts • Tabulating is done by inserting \t puts "[expr 1/60]"will print ‘0’ on the screen • In Tcl the variables have no specific type, so a variable can be a string or an integer depending on the value you assign to it. puts "[expr 1 .0/60 .0]"to get the correct result exec xgraph data &Executes the unix program xgraph with input the file data. the & is used for background running 13

  14. Tcl programming fundamentals 3/4 if { expression } { <execute some commands> } else { <execute some commands> } • The “if” command can be nested with other “if”s and with “else”s that can appear in the ”<execute some commands>” part • To test for equality, we use == • For inequality, we use != for {set i 0} {$i < 5} {incr i} { <execute some commands> } 14

  15. Tcl programming fundamentals 4/4 procblue { par1 par2 . . . } { global var1 var2 <commands> return $something } This procedure is called by typing: blue x y in our tcl script • The values of x and y will be used by the procedure for par1 and par2. If par1 and par2 are changed within the procedure, this will not affect the values of x and y at the caller level (…“by value” argument passing) • On the other hand, if we wish the procedure to be able to affect directly variables external to it, we have to declare these variables as "global". In the above example these are var1 and var2 15

  16. TCL basic #1

  17. TCL basic #2 break:could be used here... Notice there is a TCL commands wiki at: http://wiki.tcl.tk/ fmod:Return the remainder after dividing expression x by expression y. 17

  18. Basic scripting: initialization & termination 3. The finish procedure: Flushing & closing the traces proc finish{} { global ns trc_file nam_file $ns flush-trace close trc_file close nam_file exec nam out.nam & exit 0 } • 2. Output Traces: • set file1 [open out.tr w] • $ns trace-all $trc_file • Data trace for all links • set file2 [open out.nam w] • $ns nametrace-all $nam_file • Visual trace using the nam file format 1. Create a Simulator object set ns [new Simulator] 18

  19. Definition of nodes & links Create nodes set n0 [$ns node] set n1 [$ns node] Link the nodes Format follows: duplex-link $n0 $n1 <bandwidth> <propdelay> <queue_type> e.g.: $ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms 19

  20. Definition of nodes & links: a simplex link 20

  21. An example • Check: ns-default.tcl • Find there default value Create nodes 21

  22. Basic networking scripts • An ”automated” topology example for {set i 0} {$i < 7} {incr i} { set n($i) [$ns node] } for {set i 0} {$i < 7} {incr i} { $ns duplex-link $n($i) $n([expr($i+1)%7]) 1Mb 10ms RED }

  23. tcp/udp n0 n1 sink Agents and applications • Creating Data Connections • TCP set tcp [new Agent/TCP] set tcpsink [new Agent/TCPSink] $ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp $ns attach-agent $n1 $tcpsink $ns connect $tcp $tcpsink • UDP set udp [new Agent/UDP] set null [new Agent/NULL] $ns attach-agent $n0 $udp $ns attach-agent $n1 $null $ns connect $udp $null

  24. ftp tcp n0 n1 sink Basic Scripts • Generating Traffic • FTP set ftp [new Application/FTP] $ftp attach-agent $tcp • Telnet set telnet [new Application/Telnet] $telnet attach-agent $tcp • CBR set src [new Application/Traffic/CBR] • Exponential, or Pareto on-off set src [new Application/Traffic/Exponential] set src [new Application/Traffic/Pareto] .........

  25. Basic Scripts • Insert Link dynamics • Creating Error Module set loss_module[new ErrorModel] $loss_moduleset rate_ 0.01 $loss_moduleunit pkt $loss_module ranvar[new RandomVariable/Uniform] $loss_moduledrop-target [new Agent/Null] • Inserting an Error Module $ns lossmodel $loss_module$n0 $n1

  26. Basic Scripts • Schedule Events and Run Simulation • Schedule Events $ns at <time> <event> • <event>: any legitimate ns/tcl command $ns at 0.5 “$cbr start” $ns at 4.5 “$cbr stop” • Call ‘finish’ $ns at 5.0 “finish” • Run the simulation $ns run

  27. Visualizing NAM • Remember this: 27

  28. Visualizing NAM

  29. Visualizing NAM • Nodes • Color $node color red • Shape (can’t be changed after simulation starts) $node shape box (circle, box, hexagon) • Label (single string) $ns at 1.1 “$n0 label \”web cache 0\””

  30. Visualizing NAM • Links • Color $ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 color "green” • Label $ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 label “backbone"

  31. Visualizing NAM • Layout • “Manual” layout: specify everything $ns duplex-link-op $n(0) $n(1) orient right $ns duplex-link-op $n(1) $n(2) orient right $ns duplex-link-op $n(2) $n(3) orient right $ns duplex-link-op $n(3) $n(4) orient 60deg • If anything missing automatic layout

  32. Example 1

  33. Example 1

  34. Example 2 # #Create a UDP agent and attach it to node n0 set udp0 [new Agent/UDP] $ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0 # Create a CBR traffic source and attach it to udp0 set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR] $cbr0 set packetSize_ 500 $cbr0 set interval_ 0.005 $cbr0 attach-agent $udp0 #Create a Null agent (a traffic sink) and attach it to node n1 set null0 [new Agent/Null] $ns attach-agent $n1 $null0 #Connect the traffic source with the traffic sink $ns connect $udp0 $null0 #Schedule events for the CBR agent $ns at 0.5 "$cbr0 start" $ns at 4.5 "$cbr0 stop" #Call the finish procedure after 5 seconds of simulation time $ns at 5.0 "finish" #Run the simulation $ns run #Create a simulator object set ns [new Simulator] #Open the nam trace file set nf [open out.nam w] $nsnamtrace-all $nf #Define a 'finish' procedure proc finish {} { global nsnf $ns flush-trace #Close the tracefile close $nf #Execute nam on the trace file execnamout.nam & exit 0 } #Createtwonodes set n0 [$nsnode] set n1 [$nsnode] #Create a duplex link between the nodes $ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms DropTail

  35. Visualizing NAM

  36. Example 3 #Create links between the nodes $ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 1Mb 10ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 1Mb 10ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $n3 $n2 1Mb 10ms SFQ $ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n2 orient right-down $ns duplex-link-op $n1 $n2 orient right-up $ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 orient right #Monitor the queue for the link between node 2 and node 3 $ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 queuePos 0.5 #Create a UDP agent and attach it to node n0 set udp0 [new Agent/UDP] $udp0 set class_ 1 $ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0 # Create a CBR traffic source and attach it to udp0 set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR] $cbr0 set packetSize_ 500 $cbr0 set interval_ 0.005 $cbr0 attach-agent $udp0 #Create a simulator object set ns [new Simulator] #Define different colors for data flows $ns color 1 Blue $ns color 2 Red #Open the nam trace file set nf [open out.nam w] $ns namtrace-all $nf #Define a 'finish' procedure proc finish {} { global ns nf $ns flush-trace #Close the trace file close $nf #Execute nam on the trace file exec nam out.nam & exit 0 } #Create four nodes set n0 [$ns node] set n1 [$ns node] set n2 [$ns node] set n3 [$ns node]

  37. Example 3 #Create a UDP agent and attach it to node n1 set udp1 [new Agent/UDP] $udp1 set class_ 2 $ns attach-agent $n1 $udp1 # Create a CBR traffic source and attach it to udp1 set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR] $cbr1 set packetSize_ 500 $cbr1 set interval_ 0.005 $cbr1 attach-agent $udp1 #Create a Null agent (a traffic sink) and attach it to node n3 set null0 [new Agent/Null] $ns attach-agent $n3 $null0 #Connect the traffic sources with the traffic sink $ns connect $udp0 $null0 $ns connect $udp1 $null0 #Schedule events for the CBR agents $ns at 0.5 "$cbr0 start" $ns at 1.0 "$cbr1 start" $ns at 4.0 "$cbr1 stop" $ns at 4.5 "$cbr0 stop" #Call the finish procedure after 5 seconds of simulation time $ns at 5.0 "finish" #Run the simulation $ns run

  38. #Create links between the nodes for {set i 0} {$i < 7} {incr i} { $ns duplex-link$n($i) $n([expr($i+1)%7])1Mb10ms DropTail } #Create a UDP agent and attach it to node n(0) set udp0 [new Agent/UDP] $ns attach-agent $n(0) $udp0 # Create a CBR traffic source and attach it to udp0 set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR] $cbr0 set packetSize_ 500 $cbr0 set interval_ 0.005 $cbr0 attach-agent $udp0 #Create a Null agent (a traffic sink) #and attach it to node n(3) set null0 [new Agent/Null] $ns attach-agent $n(3) $null0 #Connect the traffic source with the traffic sink $ns connect $udp0 $null0 #Schedule events for the CBR agent # and the network dynamics $ns at 0.5 "$cbr0 start" $ns rtmodel-at 1.0 down $n(1) $n(2) $ns rtmodel-at 2.0 up $n(1) $n(2) $ns at 4.5 "$cbr0 stop" #Call the finish procedure after 5 seconds #of simulation time $ns at 5.0 "finish" #Run the simulation $ns run Example 4 #Create a simulator object set ns [new Simulator] #Tell the simulator to use dynamic routing $ns rtproto DV #Open the nam trace file set nf [open out.nam w] $ns namtrace-all $nf #Define a 'finish' procedure proc finish {} { global ns nf $ns flush-trace #Close the trace file close $nf #Execute nam on the trace file exec nam out.nam & exit 0 } #Create seven nodes for {set i 0} {$i < 7} {incr i} { set n($i) [$ns node] } #Create links between the nodes for {set i 0} {$i < 7} {incr i} { $ns duplex-link $n($i) $n([expr ($i+1)%7]) 1Mb 10ms DropTail }

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