Chapter Twenty-Two The Contemporary Contour

1. Chapter Twenty-TwoThe Contemporary Contour Culture and Values Cunningham and Reich and Fichner-Rathus, 8th Ed.

2. 1945 CE United States drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 World War II ends in Europe and Japan in 1945 United Nations General Assembly meets for first time in 1946 The transistor is invented in 1947 Israel becomes an independent state in 1948 Mao Zedong becomes leader of Communist China in 1949 1950 CE Korean War begins in 1950 United States explodes first hydrogen bomb in 1952 Korean War ends with a truce in 1953 School segregation is outlawed by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1954 U.S. civil-rights movement begins in the South Sputnik, the first artificial satellite, is launched by the Soviet Union in 1957 1960 CE East Germany erects the Berlin Wall in 1961 Soviet Union launches first human into space in 1961 An American orbits the earth in space in 1962 A TV signal crosses the Atlantic via a satellite in 1962 U.S. president John F. Kennedy is assassinated in 1963 United States builds up troops in Vietnam in 1964 National Organization for Women is founded in 1966 Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert Kennedy are assassinated in 1968 A U.S. astronaut takes the first walk on the moon in 1969

3. 1970 CE Supreme Court decision in Miller v. California effectively ends censorship in 1973 United States withdraws from Vietnam in 1975 Microsoft is established in 1975 Apple Computer is established in 1976 1981 Space shuttle first flies Communist governments of Eastern Europe fall beginning in 1989 1990 CE East and West Germany reunite in 1990 Soviet Union is dissolved in 1991 Google is incorporated in 1998 Terrorists attack World Trade Center and Pentagon in 2001 United States invades Afghanistan in 2001 United States invades Iraq in 2003 Facebook is launched in 2004 United States withdraws from Iraq in 2011

4. Toward a Global Culture • Artistic satire of modern warfare • Heller, Pynchon, Kubrick • Global economy, New World Order • Economic, social inequities • Search for individual, social meaning • Social, political oppression • Artist as voice of protest, hope

5. Existentialism • Kierkegaard (1813-1855) • Autonomous individual, self-examination • Who am I? What am I doing here? Where am I going? • Sartre (1905-1980) • Implications of atheism • Individual place, freedom, ethics

7. Existentialism • Thought + Action • Multi-media expression • Emphasis on anxiety, alienation • Existentialist theater, fiction • Beat poets as existentialists • Camus’ absurdity of the world

8. Alberto Giacometti, Man Pointing, 1947. Bronze, 70 ½″ × 40 ¾″ × 16 ⅜″ (179 × 103.4 × 41.5cm). Museum of Modern Art, New York, New York.

9. Postmodern 1960s+ A reaction to and continuation of modernism a Rejection of any rational order Abandons traditional literary forms, often combining different genres & styles; an explosion of movements Nihilism: no reason for values or morality, or rejection of values: believes in nothing, cynical, randomness of existence Playfulness, parody, & irony

10. Women: Susan Glaspell, Charlotte Gilman Perkins African American:James Baldwin, Toni Cade Bambara, James McPherson, Ralph Ellison Native American: Zitkala-Sa, Mourning Dove John Cheever, Joyce Carol Oates, John Updike Jewish American: Saul Bellow, Philip Roth, Bernard Malamud Metafiction: representations of fiction, storytelling, or art in general. Magical Fiction—use of metaphysical devices: John Barth, Donald Barthelme, and Robert Coover

11. Visual ArtsAbstract Expressionism • Devoid of recognizable content • Subjective aesthetic experience • Line, color, shape • New York School: The First Generation • Jackson Pollock (1912-1956) • Radical break from tradition • “all over” composition • Action painting

13. Barnett Newman wrote: "We felt the moral crisis of a world in shambles, a world destroyed by a great depression and a fierce World War, and it was impossible at that time to paint the kind of paintings that we were doing—flowers, reclining nudes, and people playing the cello."* Adolph Gottlieb, writing with Rothko and Newman in 1943, explained, “We favor the simple expression of the complex thought.”**

14. Japanese Girl Hans Hofmann35½ x 43½"Casein and Oil on Plywood1935

15. Jackson Pollock •  (American, 1912–1956) • The She-Wolf • 1943 • Oil, gouache, and plaster on canvas • 41 7/8 x 67" 

16. Arshile Gorky • The Leaf of the Artichoke Is an Owl • 1944 • Oil on canvas • 28 x 35 7/8" 

17. Clyfford Still • (American, 1904–1980) • 1944-N No. 2 • 1944 • Oil on canvas • 8' 8 1/4" x 7' 3 1/4"

18. EcstasyHans Hofmann60 x 68"Oil on Canvas1947University of California, Berkeley Art Museum

19. William Baziotes (American 1912–1963) Dwarf 1947 Oil on canvas 42 x 36 1/8"

20. Mark Rothko •  (American, born Russia (now Latvia). 1903–1970) • No. 1 (Untitled) • 1948 • Medium • Oil on canvas • 8' 10 3/8" x 9' 9 1/4"

21. Barnett Newman (American, 1905–1970) Abraham 1949 Oil on canvas 6' 10 3/4" x 34 1/2" 

22. Willem de Kooning American, born the Netherlands. 1904–1997 Painting 1948 Enamel and oil on canvas 42 5/8 x 56 1/8"

23. Adolph Gottlieb (American, 1903–1974) • Man Looking at Woman • 1949 • Oil on canvas • 42 x 54" (106.6 x 137.1 cm)

24. 22.7 Mark Rothko, Magenta, Black, Green on Orange (No. 3/No. 13), 1949

25. 22.4 Jackson Pollock, One, Number 31, 1950. Pollock would say, “Any attempt on my part to say something about it … could only destroy it.”

26. Mark Rothko, Slow Swirl at the Edge of the Sea, 1944, oil on canvas, 191.4 x 215.2 cm 

27. Franz Kline (American, 1910–1962) • Chief • 1950 • Oil on canvas • 58 3/8" x 6' 1 1/2" 

28. Barnett Newman (American, 1905–1970) Vir Heroicus Sublimis 1950-51 Oil on canvas 7' 11 3/8" x 17' 9 1/4" (242.2 x 541.7 cm)

29. Willem de Kooning,  Woman I, oil on canvas, 1950-52

30. Visual ArtsAbstract Expressionism • The New York School: The First Generation • Lee Krasner • Easter Lilies (1956) • Willem de Kooning • Paintings of women • Mark Rothco • Enormous canvases

32. 22.5 Lee Krasner, Easter Liliesm 1956

33. Adolph Gottlieb Blast, I 1957 Oil on canvas 7' 6" x 45 1/8" 

34. Hans Hofmann (American, born Germany. 1880–1966) Cathedral 1959 Oil on canvas 6' 2" x 48" 

35. The Golden WallHans Hofmann59½ x 71½"Oil on Canvas1961The Art Institute of Chicago

36. Franz Kline (American, 1910–1962) Le Gros 1961 Oil on canvas 41 3/8 x 52 5/8"

37. David Smith (American, 1906–1965) Cubi X 1963 Stainless steel 10' 1 3/8" x 6' 6 3/4" x 24"

38. Robert Motherwell (American, 1915–1991) Elegy to the Spanish Republic, 108 1965-67 Oil on canvas 6' 10" x 11' 6 1/4" 

39. Visual Arts • The New York School: The Second Generation • Joan Mitchell • Most important woman to work in the gestural idiom of abstract expressionism • Helen Frankenthaler • Color-field painter • Minimal Art • Ascetic use of line, color • Frank Stella • Donald Judd

40. 22.8 Joan Mitchell, Untitled, 1957

41. 22.9Helen Frankenthaler, The Bay, 1963

42. 22.10 Frank Stella, Mas o menos (More or Less), 1964

43. Visual Arts • Conceptual Art • Joseph Kosuth • “What you see is what you see” • Barbara Kruger • Prioritizes the idea of the work over the object

44. 22.12 Joseph Kosuth, One and Three Chairs, 1965

45. 22.13 Barbara Kruger, Untitled (“Money makes money and a rich man’s jokes are always funny”) and Untitled (“You want it You need it You buy it You forget it”), 2010

46. Visual Arts • Site-Specific Art • Robert Smithson • Land art—within natural surroundings • Maya Ying Lin • The Vietnam Veterans Memorial • Christo and Jeanne-Claude • Financed by the artists

47. 22.14 Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty, 1970

48. 22.15 Maya Ying Lin, Vietnam Veterans Memorial, 1982

49. Visual Arts • Pop Art • Universal images of popular culture • Robert Rauschenberg • Combine paintings • Jasper Johns • Andy Warhol • Claes Oldenburg

50. 22.21 Jasper Johns, Three Flags, 1958.