9/17 Focus :

1. 9/17 Focus: • Problems in French society led to a revolution, the formation of a new government and the end of the monarchy. • Do Now: • Identify one enlightenment idea that inspired the American Revolution and the founders of the United States of America.

2. Political Revolutions The French Revolution

3. The French Revolution • Revolution breaks out in France in 1789 • Many injustices existed in France before the Revolution

4. Enlightenment Ideas Absolute Monarchy Economic Problems Causes of the French Revolution Inspiration from the American Revolution Social Inequalities

5. Absolute Monarchy • King Louis XVI • Married to Marie-Antoinette • Austrian • Austria had been an enemy of France • Weak leadership failed to address problems in France • Most people denied basic rights and did not have a say in gov’t policy

6. Social Inequalities • 3 social classes • The First Estate • Roman Catholic Church clergy • The Second Estate • Wealthy nobles • Held highest gov’t offices • The Third Estate • Bourgeoisie (middle class), poor city workers, artisans, peasants • No power to influence government

8. Social Inequalities • The First and Second Estates • did not have to pay taxes • controlled most of the wealth • Third Estate resented heavy tax burden and lack of rights

9. 9/21 Focus: • Starting in 1789, The French Revolution had a lasting impact on France, Europe, and other areas of the world. • Do Now: • What could cause people to revolt against their government?

10. Enlightenment Ideas/American Revolution • Many Bourgeoisie began to question French social structure and absolute monarchy • Enlightenment ideas • Success of the American Revolution • Inspired by enlightenment ideas • Natural rights, democracy, equality • British attempts to limit the power of the monarch

11. 9/22 Focus: • As conditions grew worse in France, demands for reforms increased and King Louis XVI was forced to take action. • Do Now: • Identify one specific problem that contributed to the outbreak of the French Revolution.

12. Economic Problems • France was in debt because it had to borrow money to support government • Costly wars going back to Louis XIV • Lavish Lifestyle of the monarchs and Versailles • Financial and military support of the American Revolution • Increased taxes on the Third Estate • King tried to tax Second Estate but they refused

14. Economic Problems • Drought and hailstorm led to bad harvest and food shortages in 1789 • Peasants and poor city workers did not have enough food • Led to food riots • Increased public anger towards the government

18. 9/22 Do Now • List the three classes that made up the French social structure before the French Revolution.

20. The Estates General • King called for a meeting of the Estates General in 1789 to address problems • A body with representatives from each of the three estates

22. The Estates General • Third Estate declared themselves the National Assembly • Claimed the right to make laws • Wanted to draw up a constitution for France

23. The Tennis Court Oath • 3rd Estate believed they had been locked out of the meeting hall of the Estates General • Gathered at an indoor tennis court • 3rd Estate refused to disband until a constitution was created • Some nobles and clergy joined • King Louis XVI forced to accept the National Assembly

24. Storming of the Bastille • Louis XVI began moving troops to Paris • National Assembly and Parisians feared troops would break up the Assembly • July 14, 1789 citizens storm the Bastille in search of weapons • Was a prison used to jail critics of the monarchy • People took over the Bastille • killed its commander and paraded his head on long stick through Paris

25. The Great Fear • Rumors spread that the king and nobles would punish 3rd Estate • Peasants attacked nobles and burned homes in the countryside • Destroyed records of feudal dues and rents

26. Role of Women • 6,000 women protesting food shortages marched on Versailles • Forced King to leave Versailles and return to Paris

27. Declaration of the Rights of Man • Document laying out the basic principles of the Revolution • Liberty, Equality, Fraternity • Inspired by Declaration of Independence and Enlightenment ideas • Protection of natural rights

28. Declaration of the Rights of Man • Guaranteed citizens basic rights • Freedom of Religion, Press, Speech • Equality before the law

29. National Assembly Reforms France • Seized Church lands and made clergy public employees • Sold lands to pay French debt • Wrote a constitution that limited the monarch’s power • King Louis XVI and Maria-Antoinette attempted to flee France but were caught

30. Foreign Intervention • Many European rulers and nobles feared the revolution would spread to their countries • Threatened military intervention to protect French monarchy • Austria and Prussia warned against harming the king

32. Foreign Intervention • French Legislature declares war on Austria, Prussia, and Great Britain

33. Execution of the King • Some people feared that enemies of the revolution and European powers would try to restore the monarchy • King placed on trial and executed for treason • Jan 21,1793 • Marie-Antoinette executed on Oct. 16, 1793