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The Cell Cycle and Cancer

The Cell Cycle and Cancer. Life Span of Cells. Different cells in our bodies have different life spans. Some cells, such as skin cells or those lining your digestive system, need to divide more frequently. Other cells, such as neurons, rarely divide. The Cell Cycle.

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The Cell Cycle and Cancer

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  1. The Cell Cycle and Cancer

  2. Life Span of Cells • Different cells in our bodies have different life spans. • Some cells, such as skin cells or those lining your digestive system, need to divide more frequently. • Other cells, such as neurons, rarely divide.

  3. The Cell Cycle • The cell cycle is divided into two main parts: • Interphase • Cell Division (Mitosis and Cytokinesis) • Interphase is sometimes called the “resting phase” but the cells are never resting. They are carrying out the functions required for life (taking in oxygen and nutrients, releasing energy from glucose, removing waste products). • DNA replication also occurs during interphase.

  4. Checkpoints • There are 3 main checkpoints in the cell cycle. • Proteins in the cell will stop the cell cycle if something is wrong. • In general, cell division will not occur if: • There is not enough nutrients to support cell growth • The DNA has not replicated • The DNA is damaged

  5. Cell Death • Some cells die because they have been damaged by physical forces or by exposure to toxic chemicals. • Some cells die because of “preprogrammed cell death” or “apoptosis” • During apoptosis lysosomes break open and enzymes digest the cell. • Apoptosis is necessary for the development of fingers and toes.

  6. Cancer • Cancer occurs when a cell ignores the checkpoints and divides uncontrollably. • A clump of cells called a tumour is formed. • Some tumours are benign and others are cancerous (malignant). • Cancer cells interfere with the function of normal cells around them. They can also use up nutrients that are needed by the healthy cells.

  7. Comparing normal cells to cancer cells • Watch the video and make a T-chart comparing normal cells and cancer cells. • cancer cells vs. normal cells

  8. The development of cancer

  9. What can be done?From cancer.ca • Live Well • Don’t smoke • Eat healthy • Stay active • Limit alcohol • Protect yourself from UV rays

  10. Be aware: Cancer is most treatable when found early • Know your body and don’t ignore changes. • Know your family medical history. • There is a connection between some viruses and cancer (eg. HPV) • Limit your exposure to cancer-causing substances (carcinogens).

  11. Your Task • P. 45 #1-6 • In your opinion, what percentage of research dollars should be spent on the following: • Finding causes of cancer • Finding new treatments for cancer • Cancer prevention • Justify your answer in a well-written paragraph

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