The French & Indian War (1756 – 1763)

1. What do you think is the meaning of this cartoon? What might the abbreviations represent? What are people supposed to join?

2. The French & Indian War (1756 – 1763) “The Great War for Empire”

3. PromptIn what ways did the French & Indian War alter the political, economic, and ideological relationship between England and its American colonies?

6. Hmm What might the English and French who lived in North America fight about? • Each wanted control of more land • British frontier towns were getting raided by Native Americans (allies of French) • Boundaries in North America? In Europe? • They had a history of bad blood

8. Who??? French And Indians vs. England and the 13 colonies

9. GW makes a name for himself!

10. George Washington • Lieutenant Colonel • ~ 22 years old during French and Indian War • Surrendered to French troops at Fort Necessity, but became a hero for his bravery (AP Photo/Kevin Wolf)

11. 1754  The First Clash The Ohio Valley British French

12. Taking Sides • Since the colonists are British, they need to unite to fight the French • In walks Ben Franklin…

13. 1754  Albany Plan of Union Ben Franklin  representatives from New England, NY, MD, PA Big Idea First time most of the colonies got together in one place! • Albany Congress failed Iroquois broke off relations with Britain & threatened to trade with the French.

14. 1755  Br. Decides to Eliminate Fr. Presence in North America Gen. Edward Braddock  evict the French from the Ohio Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia) • Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley, & Acadia. • Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne by 1500 French and Indian forces. Only British Success  expelled French Acadians from Nova Scotia. (They moved to Louisiana and became “Cajuns.”) 1756  War Is Formally Declared!

15. British-American Colonial Tensions Methods ofFighting: • Indian-style guerilla tactics. • March in formation or bayonet charge. MilitaryOrganization: • Col. militias served under own captains. • Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. MilitaryDiscipline: • No mil. deference or protocols observed. • Drills & tough discipline. Finances: • Resistance to rising taxes. • Colonists should pay for their own defense. Demeanor: • Casual, non-professionals. • Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings.

16. 1757  William Pitt Becomes Foreign Minister • He understood colonial concerns. • He offered them a compromise: - colonial loyalty & mil. cooperation-->Br. would reimburse col. assemblies for their costs. -Lord Loudoun would be removed. RESULTS? Colonial morale increased by 1758.

17. 1758-1761  The Tide Turns for England *By 1761, Spain has become an ally of France

18. 1759 - Battle of Quebec

21. After Before

22. Effects of the War on Britain? 1. It increased her colonial empire in the Americas 2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt. 3. Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings. Therefore, England felt that amajor reorganization of her American Empire was necessary!

23. Effects of the War on the American Colonials 1.It united them against a common enemy for the first time. 2. It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated. 3. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify.

24. The Aftermath: Tensions 1763 Pontiac’s Rebellion Fort Detroit British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt.

25. BACKLASH! British Proclamation Line of 1763.