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Indus River Valley

Indus River Valley. Government. Harappan Civilzation : Large Cities. Aryan Invasion: Small Villages. Small communities based on family ties. Aryan villages were governed by a raja. Villagers farmed some of the land for the raja. Examples: Harappa and Mohenjo Daro

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Indus River Valley

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  1. Indus River Valley

  2. Government HarappanCivilzation: Large Cities Aryan Invasion: Small Villages Small communities based on family ties. Aryan villages were governed by a raja. Villagers farmed some of the land for the raja. • Examples: Harappa and MohenjoDaro • These cities were well planned, but no one is sure exactly what type of government they used.

  3. Hinduism • Hindus believe in many gods, but particularly 3 major gods: • Brahma the Creator • Siva the Destroyer • Vishnu the Preserver • Each god is part of a single universal spirit called Brahman. • A person’s ultimate goal is to reunite his/her soul with Brahman. • To reach this goal, people are reincarnated (reborn into a new body). • A person’s new body depends on their karma (effects that good or bad actions have on a person’s soul).

  4. Buddhism • Buddhism was a result of one man’s dissatisfaction with the Hindu religion. • Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) found enlightenment after much travel, fasting, and meditation. • Buddha’s teachings were based on the Four Noble Truths. • Nirvana- people can overcome desire and ignorance and reach this state of perfect peace.

  5. The Caste System • The caste system is made up of FOUR major divisions. • Brahmins (priests) • Kshatriyas (rulers or warriors) • Vaisyas (farmers, craftspeople, traders) • Sudras (laborers, non-Aryans) • People were divided into caste by birth, wealth, and occupation. • People generally could NOT change their caste.

  6. Written Language/Achievements • Sanskrit-the most important language of ancient India • Art: temples, paintings, sculptures • Sanskrit literature (religious epics, plays, poetry) • Metalworking • Mathematics (invention of the number “zero”)

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