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The Digestive System

Explore the essential functions of the digestive system, including digestion, absorption, and excretion. Learn about the main digestive organs and their roles in breaking down food. Familiarize yourself with relevant medical terminology related to the gastrointestinal tract.

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The Digestive System

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  1. The Digestive System

  2. Related Medical Terminology GI – Gastro-intestinal Colo- Colon Cheilo – lips Gastro – stomach Gingivo – gums -ia – condition Stomato – mouth Hepato – liver Procto – rectum - ‘itis – inflammation

  3. The Basic Functions of the Digestive System • Digestion-the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into a usable form • Absorption-the movement of molecules through the mucosal lining of the stomach and small intestine, and into the blood • Excretion-the removal of solid waste from the body • Sphincters-circular muscles that contract and move food through the GI tract.

  4. The Digestive Organs • Mouth • Pharynx • Larynx • Esophagus • Stomach • Small Intestines – 3 duodenum, jejunum, ileum • Large Intestines – 4 ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid • Rectum • Anus

  5. Mouth Digestion starts here!!! • Mechanical digestion-chewing or “mastication” • Chemical digestion-digestion of carbohydrates

  6. Mouth

  7. Pharynx • Also called the throat Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx • A passageway for food, liquids, and air

  8. Esophagus Muscular tube located behind the trachea About 10 inches long Transports food from the pharynx to the stomach Upper and Lower esophageal sphincters

  9. Stomach J-shaped pouch located below the diaphragm Chemical digestion of protein occurs in the stomach due to gastric juice secretion Mechanical digestion occurs in the stomach due to maceration (churning).

  10. Pancreas

  11. Small Intestines • Chemical digestion of nutrients and absorption of nutrients is completed in the small intestines (ave. 22.5 feet in adults) • Three divisions of the small intestines: • Duodenum – first portion (10-15”) where the majority of chemical digestion occurs (Brunner’s Glands- mucus/enzymes) • Jejunum – middle portion (8’) where the majority of absorption of nutrients occurs. • Ileum – final portion (12’) where absorption occurs.

  12. Large Intestines The large intestines are the last part of the digestive system. Absorption of water, vitamins, electrolytes, production of vitamin K, and formation of feces occurs in the large intestines Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid colons

  13. Rectum The last portion of the large intestine which functions as a temporary storage of solid wastes before excretion

  14. Anus The final portion of the rectum where solid waste is excreted from the body

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