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Ideology

Ideology. Important distinctions. Episteme : true, well-founded knowledge. Knowledge that can be demonstrated by logical argument from first principles Doxa : Opinion that may be true but that believers cannot fully explain. Plato (ca. 429-347 BC). Ideology.

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Ideology

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  1. Ideology

  2. Important distinctions • Episteme: true, well-founded knowledge. • Knowledge that can be demonstrated by logical argument from first principles • Doxa: • Opinion that may be true but that believers cannot fully explain. Plato (ca. 429-347 BC)

  3. Ideology • Ideology is a contemporary word for doxa. • Ideology is a value or belief system that is accepted as fact or truth by some group. It is composed of sets of attitudes towards the various institutions and processes of government. It provides the believer with a picture of the world.

  4. Attributes of Ideology • Not a mere personal opinion, but a social believe accepted by a large number of people sand passed on by cultural transmission. • Involves a mixture of factual and moral beliefs. Includes believes about how people should act and what they should consider right and wrong.

  5. Attributes of Ideology • Reduces the infinite complexity of the world into simpler ideas that can be understood by large numbers of people. • It is not a random collection of opinions, but a organized system of believes that fit together logically..

  6. Left, Right and Centre • The use of left, right and centre started in 1789 in the French National Assembly. • Those who favoured reducing the monarch to a symbolic figure sat to the left of the chairman, those who wanted to retain substantive powers of the monarch sat to the right of the chairman.

  7. Left, Right and Centre • Eventually this distinction took on a economic dimension as socialism developed in Europe. • Left was now used for those who wanted to reduce poverty through state redistribution of wealth. • Right became associated with private wealth creation.

  8. Traditional Ideologies • Liberalism • Conservativism • Socialism and Communism • Nationalism

  9. Liberalism • Liberal comes from the Latin, liber, meaning “free”. • Liberalism has four principles that related to freedom: • Personal freedom • Limited government • Equality of right • Consent of the governed

  10. Conservativism • Classical conservatives are those who “prefer the familiar to the unknown” • It is better for human society not to embark on large-scale ventures of social transformation. Edmund Burke (1729-97)

  11. Socialism • Planning • Common ownership • Equality of Result • Selflessness Karl Marx (1818-1883)

  12. Socialism Family Tree

  13. Nationalism • A feeling of loyalty to one’s nation, a recognition of ties with other members of one’s group. • Aboriginal Nationalism • Separatism

  14. New Ideologies – Post-Materialist • New generations take physical and economic security for granted and tend to be more concerned with self-expression and “rights.” • Feminism • Environmentalism

  15. Ideology and Canadian Politics • Does the Conservative party not want any change? • Does today’s Canadian Liberal party uphold the ideology of liberalism? • Which party comes closest to the values of socialism?

  16. Multi-dimensional scaling

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