Enhancing Seismic Safety in Developing Countries: Feasibility Study for Safer Housing against Earthquakes

1. Workshop on Feasibility Study for Development of Comprehensive Strategies for Safer Housing against Earthquakes in Developing Countries 12 October 2005 Tsukuba, Japan STUDY FOR DEVELOPING AND DISSEMINATING EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT TECHNOLOGIES FOR ENHANCED SEISMIC SAFETY OF BUILDINGS IN NEPAL Amod Mani Dixit National Society for Earthquake Technology- Nepal (NSET) www.nset.org.np

2. Nepal: Location and Earthquake Risk • Lies in 11th most at risk country in the world • Kathmandu lies at the most at risk city in the world • 40 thousand possible deaths in Kathmandu in reoccurrence of 1934 earthquake shaking

3. Nation-wide Survey of Buildings

4. Building Typology in Kathmandu Valley

5. Typical Stone Masonry Building

6. RC construction in Banda Aceh Typical RC Construction in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

7. Construction process in Kathmandu

8. 1988 Earthquake Damage of Stone Masonry House

9. 2001 Gorkha Earthquake

10. 2001 Gujarat Earthquake Typical Collapse of RC Building (Soft story), Gujarat, India

11. Banda Aceh Typical collapse of RC framed building during 2004 Dec 26 Sumatra Earthquake (Banda Aceh)

12. Need to study strengths and weaknesses of vernacular buildings of developing countries in terms of earthquake resistant capacity and develop appropriate measures to enhance their capacity

13. Proposed Study Methodology Survey, Assessment (existing practices) Building technology and building production mechanism Analysis of defects by numerical analysis and physical testing in shake table Rigorous Analysis Analysis for Cause – effect and Problem - solution Detailing and generalization of problems and likely solutions Testing hypothesis by numerical analysis and physical testing in shake table Testing of solution hypothesis

14. Study Methodology Identification of best solution Solution for improving seismic performance of SM and RC structures • For studying acceptability & feasibility • For training the local craftsmen Verification and testing by model building construction Further Improvement of intervention options • Develop implementation strategy • Policy • Building production / permit process • System for institutionalization and sustainability • Networking and information sharing Dissemination

15. Expected outcomes • Improved methodologies for earthquake-resistant construction of stone masonry (SM) and RC framed with brick masonry infill buildings • Identification of positive elements of construction that need to be supported, • Identification of weak points

16. Expected outcomes • Comprehensive technology (including design, construction and supervision) • Implementation strategy for improving seismic performance of buildings in developing countries • Enhanced regional cooperation / networking and sharing of experiences leading to replication strategy • Preparing grounds for replication and implementation

17. Implementation Approach • Work in close cooperation with appropriate government agency - Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC) • Collaboration among NGOs and local governments • Involve all stakeholders right from very beginning • Local advisory committee will be constituted for assuring the involvement of all.

18. Project Execution in Nepal • NSET - leading member • DUDBC - main partner • gradually DUDBC will take the ownership of the project output • A project working team will be constituted • engineers, professionals from NSET, DUDBC and leading municipalities (Kathmandu and Lalitpur in Kathmandu Valley) • Local surveyors will be deployed • for inventory and survey of technology • the surveyors will be from local engineering personnel and students from local academic institutions

19. Tentative Work Plan

20. Thank You !