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SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA

SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA. Gurukul System.

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SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA

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  1. SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA

  2. Gurukul System • Gurukul System : Oldest system on earth. Higher Education in High quality. 4th,5th, and 6th century to 18th century Education system was very advance. Nalanda, Takshshila, vikramShila, Odantapur, Ujjain, Kashi were known for Learning Institutions & Universities. 10,000 Students in Nalanda University. • Modern Education is 150 years old. • Islamic Education : 11th to 17th Century. • British Rule : 1600 East India company. • 1823, Raja Ram Mohan Roy – Lord Amherst Governor General to start Education for Indian Natives. • Set up universities : 1885 – Bombay, Calcutta, Madras • Reports : 1810 William Adams Report, 1944 Sargent Report, 2000 Ambani Report. • Minutes : 1835 Macaulay minutes.

  3. Committees • 1929 Hartog Committee. • 1945 University Grant Committee • 1971 Examination Committee • 1969-73 University College Governance Committee • 1987-90 Gyanam Committee • 1990-91 Ram Murti Committee • 1993 UGC Committee on mobilisation of Resources on Central University • 1994 AICTE Committee on Technical Education • 2009 P.C. Alaxander Committee – Renovation & Rejuvenation Committee • 2009 Prof Yash Pal Committee

  4. Commission • 1881-82 Hunter Commission • 1948 University Education Commission • 1952 Mudaliar Commission • 1964-66 Kothari Commission • 1968 National Education Commission • 1983-85 National Teacher Education Commission (Prof. Raeesh Ahmad) • 1996 Delors Commission by UNESCO. (Focus Pillars of Learning) • 2018 Higher Education Commission of India Bill • 2005 Knowledge Commission • 2012 Justice Verma Commission

  5. Policies • 1968 National Education Policy • 1986 NPE/ NEP • 1992 NPE Revised Policy • 2018 NEP (Proposed) • Despatch : 1854 Woods Despatch. Framework • NCF 2005 • NCFT 2009 • 1975, 1988, 2000 Act • RTE Act 2009 • NCTE Act 1993 • UGC Act 1956 • Regulations : NCTE Regulation 2014 for two years B.EdPragramme.

  6. 1947 Independence • 1950 Indian Constitution • 1951 First Five Year Plan • After 1991 – Privatization in Higher Education • April 24, 2000 Ambani Report – MukeshAmbani, • Kumar Mangalam Birla –“A Policy Framework for Reform in Education “ • Foreign investment • Market • Rating • Emphasis on Science . • After 2014 NitiAyog

  7. 2005 Knowledge Commission : • Information • ICT 2008 Gyanam Committee : • Semester System • CCE • TQM NPE – 1986 : • Delinking degree from Jobs • IES • 37 Areas NPE- 1992 : • POA • 23 Task Forces

  8. NCF - 2005 : • Joyful Learning • Constructivism • Peace Education NCFT – 2009 : • Teacher Education Programme • Mismatch of theory and Practice Judge Punnaia – 1998-99 : • Higher Power Committee • World Bank • Higher Education ‘SABAK’ Justice Verma Committee – 2012 : • Vision of Teacher Education in India Quality and Regulatory • I & II volumes • 31 Recommendations • Integrated Teacher Education – Programme

  9. Delors Commission - 1996 • Learning treasure within • Four Pillars of Learning • Learning to know (ज्ञान योग) • Learning to do (कर्म योग) • Learning to be (आत्म योग) • Learning to Live together (सह योग) RMSA – RastriyaMadhyamikShikshaAbhiyan RUSA 2013 – RastriyaUchchShikshaAbhiyan(Quality Acceredation compulsory) EFA – Education for All SSA – SarvaShikshaAbhiyan SSA – SamagraShikshaAbhiyan

  10. 12th Five Year Plan : • NAAC • SAP • FDP • FDC • FMS • Evaluation of Teachers • Section 12 ‘B’ NAVARATNA University : • No. of Programme • Rate of Expansion Last 5years • No. of Students • No. of SAP Deptt. • National Facilities • Centre of Excellence • Extra Funding and Research Projects • Quality of Publications • International Collaboration • Top Ten Universities to be identified • 50,00 crore additional grant will be 5 years

  11. NTTM – National Teacher Teaching Mission • On birth day of Pt. Malviya • PMMMTTM • Training Cadre • TLC • FIP • FDP MOOC – Massive online Course SWAYAM ARPIT NRC – National Resource Centre

  12. Higher Education system in India Ancient India : • Ancient Universities • Popular other Republics Modern India : • India’s learning in the third largest education system • The system is being controlled by UGC • It is main Governing body of territory education • 42 Amendment of UGC, state list 11 shifted to concret list 25 added

  13. UGC- University Grants Commission • 1945 The University Grants Commission was framed – supermission of Aligarh, Banaras & Delhi • 1947 The committee got the responsibility to control all the universities. • 1948 University Education Commission was set up- Dr Radha Commission suggested – committee should be transformed into commission like U.K. • December 28, 1953, UGC inaugurated by Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad • November 1956 UGC set up as a statutory body. UGC act 1956 of the Parliament • 1994,1995 UGC introduced 6 centres – Pune, Hydrabad, Kolkata, Bhopal, Guwahati.

  14. Functions and Activities of UGC • Promote, co-ordinate university Education Determine • Frame rule on minimum standard of education • Setting standard for exams like ICAR, NET, CBSE, UGC NET, CSIR UGC NET • Allow grant to the universities and colleges • Maintain connection between union & state Govt. and Higher Education • Year 1950-51 – 28 universities • Year 2003-06 – 356 universities • Year 2017-18 – 47 Central universities 350 state universities 123 Deemed universities 240 Private universities Statutory Bodies in Higher Education: • UGC, NCTE, ICSSR, ICPR • ICHR, IIAS, NCERT, NUEPA • ICMR, ICAR, IMC, IISTE • CABE, RCI, AICTE, IICME

  15. Prof. Yashpal committee – “Renovation & Rejuvenation of Higher Education – 2009” • Recommendation and Suggestions • The Idea of a university Challenges of the Higher Education Sector I Distances and Disconnects II Architecture of Learning III Structure of Expansion and Access IV Governance and Autonomy V Multiplicity of Regulatory system Recovering the Idea of the University : A Road map I A Regulatory framework II Objectives of National Commission for Higher Education and Research (NCHER) III Restructuring universities IV Agenda for Action

  16. Major Suggestions • To create a single apex body to regulate matters related to Higher Education. It will be NCHER • It should not depend on funding from the Govt. • The regulators may also be funded through a small change on the revenues of the regulated institution. • Teacher should be assessed by the students • All teachers must go to refresher course • All Universities to be teaching and Research universities • Skill development council be setup at central level • Foreign universities are allowed to open campus in India

  17. Higher Education Commission of India Bill 2018 • HECI what will do : • Less Govt and more Govt. • Separation of Grant Function • End of inspection Ray • Focus of academic quality • Power to enforce • Improve academic standards • Evaluation of academic Performance • Mentoring of institution • Training of Teachers • Promoting use of ET • Standards of appointment

  18. Powers of HECI • Order closure of sub standard and bogus institutions • Lead to fine or Jail • Grant authorization, norms academic quality • Regulation made under this act – innovation, incubation, entrepreneurship, criminal procedure • Code with punishment • Imprisonment for 3 years • Chairperson, Vice Chairperson and 12 members to be appointed by the Central Govt. • The Secretary of Commission will be member secretary. • Under Section 24 – establishment of Advisory Council • Under Section 15(4)(1) control of fee • Section 3 (6) (a) Appointment of Chairman and 12 members – 2 members will be professor

  19. Quality Higher Education in India • Education as a liberating force • It is a fosters growth • Social equality and Technological Progress Quality and Education • Skills which require quality education • Five top skills identified by employers and required work force under pressure • Accuracy and attention to details • Ability to work under pressure • Time management • Oral Communication • Managing different tasks at the same time

  20. University system in India • Affiliating Universities • Unitary Universities – (university Deptt, constituent colleges with single or multiple campus) • Private Universities • Virtual Universities – (a new phenomenon working through scientific and technological collaboration by rendering education to students through the Globe) Types of Universities • Central University • State University • Deemed University

  21. UGC Model act Guideline • Retaining the autonomous character of the University system • There is a need to create a National Higher Education Council • Higher Education Council will work with State HEC • HEC should work as a liaisoning body between university and UGC • There is needed to create IES on the line of the IAS • Two level of Professor should be demarked- Teaching and Administration Teaching and Research • In the V.C. conferences the senior Professor too may be invited to express their views and ideas. • Uniform service conditions need to be implemented with respect to retirement of age and other pay condition

  22. In NHEC, Registrar, F.O. should be only teachers. • The appointment of a V.C. needs to be approved by the UGC • Education is essentially for all. This is fundamental to our all-round development material and spiritual. _ NPE 1986 • University Education is not a new concept in India. It is existence since ancient periods, Universities like Nalanda, Takshashila etc. • After arrival of British Changes the educational Scenario in India. • In contemporary era, the university system is more vital than yester years and taken care by the UGC. • Several Universities are not in position to cope up with the International Standards • UGC has appointed many committees to tone up the higher education of the country.

  23. Problems of Higher Education in India • Mushrooming of private and deemed universities • Poor Governance of Institutions • Lack of funds • Difficulty in providing speedy accreditation to colleges and universities • Insufficient qualified teachers • Want of a revived syllabus according to need of society • Necessity to encourage research

  24. Methods to control the disparity in Higher Education Following measures can be used to minimize the disparity in Indian Higher Education System • Internal financial control • Regular monitoring by dealing bureaus • Strict Criteria based on merit in allocating programme • Need of Publication of yearly progress • Controlling the programme to ensure efficiency and transparency – Timely, simple, flexible, minimal • Involvement of UGC members through transparent information to seek genuine co-operation.

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